Ch 19 test

Question 1

What are the components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 2

What are the 5 functions of blood

Answer 2

1. transportation of dissolved substances
2. regulation of pH and ions
3. restriction of fluid loss w injury
4. defense against toxins and pathogens
5. stabilization of body temp

Question 3

2 major cat. blood is broken down into

Answer 3

plasma and formed elements

Question 4

Plasma is composed of what?

Answer 4

90%water, proteins, serum

Question 5

liquid part of blood sample in wh dissolved fibrinogen has converted to solid fibrin

Answer 5

serum

Question 6

the fluid in the tissues that fills the spaces between cells

Answer 6

interstitial fluid

Question 7

cytosol, the fluid inside a cell

Answer 7

intracellular fluid

Question 8

the fluid contents of lymphatic vessels similar to interstitial fluid

Answer 8

lymph

Question 9

the fluid ground substance of whole blood; what remains after the cells have been removed from blood

Answer 9

plasma

Question 10

What are the major plasma proteins?

Answer 10

albumins (60%)
Globulins (35%)
fibrinagen (4%)

Question 11

What constitutes the formed elements?

Answer 11

platelets <.1%

RBC 99.9%

Question 12

The process that produces formed elements

Answer 12

hemipoises

Question 13

What cell types do myeloid stem cells produce?

Answer 13

RBCs and WBCs

Question 14

What cell types do lymphoid stem cells produce?

Answer 14

lymphocytes

Question 15

the % of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements

Answer 15

hematocrit

Question 16

the determination of the relative abundance of each type of WBC on the basis of a random sampling of 100 WBCs

Answer 16

differential count

Question 17

concentration of hemoglobin in the blood

Answer 17

percent hemoglobin saturation

Question 18

what are 3 important effects of the shape of an RBC

Answer 18

increase surface to volume ratio, form stacks (rouleaux), bend and flex through capillaries

Question 19

protein molecule the transports respiratory gases

Answer 19

hemoglobin

Question 20

associates easily with oxygen

Answer 20

oxyhemoglobin

Question 21

dissociate easily from oxygen

Answer 21

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 22

binds CO2 and carries to lungs

Answer 22

carbaminohemoglobin

Question 23

process and location of RBC recycling

Answer 23

macrophage engulf RBC
in liver- bilirubin released from macrophages binds to albumin and goes to liver for excretion in bile
large intestine- bacteria convert bilirubin to urobilins and stercobilins
kidney- excrete HgB and urobilins
120 lifespan

Question 24

a non-protein pigment complex

Answer 24

heme

Question 25

red blood cell formation

Answer 25

erythropoiesis

Question 26

RBC that enters ciculation

Answer 26

reticulocyte

Question 27

What is the hormone that stimulates production of RBCs, where does it come from, and what is it in response to?

Answer 27

erythropoietin (EPO) secreted when O2 is low (hypoxia) due to disease or high altitude

Question 28

What are the surface antigens and how do they interact with the antibodies?

Answer 28

cell surface proteins that identify cells to the immune system, normal cells ignored and foreign cells attacked

Question 29

what is the process by which antibodies will attack the foreign blood type and hemolysis occurs

Answer 29

transfusion reaction

Question 30

what are the different types of WBCs (5)

Answer 30

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

Question 31

WBC- 50-70%, phagocytic, attack bacteria, pathogens and debris

Answer 31

neutraphil

Question 32

WBC- 2-4%, phagocytic, allegies and parasites

Answer 32

eosinophil

Question 33

WBC-<1%, releases histamine for inflammation response

Answer 33

basophils

Question 34

WBC-2-8%, very large macrophage that engulfs pathogens and debris

Answer 34

monocytes

Question 35

WBC-20-30%, little cytoplasm that provides defense against specific pathogen or toxin

Answer 35

lymphocyte

Question 36

What are 4 colony-stimulating factors and what cells do they stimulate?

Answer 36

M-CSF-monocytes G-CSF- granulocytes GM-CSF- both granulocytes and monocytes multi-CSF- accelerates the production of all

Question 37

granulocytes

Answer 37

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 38

nucleates cells (platelets) in nonmammalian vertebrae

Answer 38

thrombocytes

Question 39

abnormally low platelet count

Answer 39

thrombocytopenia

Question 40

abnormally high platelet count

Answer 40

thrombocytosis

Question 41

platelet production

Answer 41

thrombocytopoiesis

Question 42

what are the 3 functions of platelets

Answer 42

1. release important clotting chemicals 2. temporary patch damaged vessel walls 3. reduce size of break in vessel wall

Question 43

what forms a platelet

Answer 43

round to spindle shaped cytoplasmic fragments containing enzymes, proenzymes, actin, and myosin; no nucleus

Question 44

3 phases of clotting

Answer 44

vascular, platelet, coaggulation

Question 45

clot phase- last 30 min after injury, endothelial cells contract and release endothelins which stim contraction, cells become sticky and adhere platelets

Answer 45

vascular phase

Question 46

clot phase- platelets attach to endothelial cells and all over injury releasing chemicals that promote aggregation, vascular spasm, clotting, and vessel repair

Answer 46

platelet phase

Question 47

clot phase- intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways incorporate fibrinogen in making a blood clot to seal off damaged portion of vessel

Answer 47

coaggulation phase

Question 48

what is required for fibrinolysis and what is being destroyed?

Answer 48

slow process of dissolving clot, needs thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasmin digests fibrin strands