1. greater omentum 2. mesentery proper 3. mesocolon

Ch 24 test Flashcards by megan hicks

an active process involving conscious choice and decision making

ingestion

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digestion

chemical processing of food into small parts for utilization

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movement of nutrients from lumen of system into bloodstream

absorption

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excretion

removal of wastes

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defecation

ejection of waste materials

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peritoneum

serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal pelvic cavity

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ventral mesenteries-2

lesser omentum

2. falciform ligament

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lesser omentum

connects the stomach to the liver

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falciform ligament

connects the liver to the diaphragm, seperates the lobes

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dorsal mesenteries-3

greater omentum
mesentery proper
mesocolon

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greater omentum

hangs as an apron over the anterior of the small intestine

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mesentery proper

holds the small intestine

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mesocolon

transverse and sigmoid colons

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histology digestion- stratefied squamous

mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, anus

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histology digestion- simple columnar w goblet cells

secretion and absorption

stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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enteroendocrine cells

scattered cells in the tract that secrete hormones

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longitudinal folds

folds in mucosa that disappear as the tract fills and expands

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plicae

permanent transverse (circular) folds that aid in surface area and churning food

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peristalsis

movement of bolus through intestines

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short reflexes

receptors stimulate myenteric-> stimulates secretory cells and peristalsis

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long reflexes

stimulate CNS-> sympathetic and parasympathetic responses triggered

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salivary amylase

breaks down starches (carbs) in mouth

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lingual lipase

breaks down lipids in mouth

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uvula

extension off soft palate to ensure food does not get swallowed until properly chewed

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salivary glands-3

1. parotid gland-25% 2. sublingual gland- 5% 3. submandibular glands-70%

parotid glands

largest glands in cheek, produce amylase

sublingual glands

floor of mouth, produces buffers and lubricants

submandibular glands

secretes buffers, glycoproteins, mucins, and amylase

types of teeth-4

1. incisors-blade 2. cuspids (canines)- tearing 3. bicuspids (premolars)-course grinding 4. molars- fine grinding

does not have a serosa layer but an adventitia layer of connective tissue

esophagus

swallowing

deglution

swallowing 3 phases

1. buccal 2. pharyngeal 3. esophageal

intrinsic factor

produced in the stomach, glycoprotein needed for B12

cardia

stomach region, entrance for the esophagus

fundus

stomach region, superior to the esophageal entrance

body of stomach

largest portion for mixing chyme

pylorus

distal end of stomach

antrum of stomach

cavity portion

canal of stomach

empties into duodenum

sphincter of stomach

regulates release of chyme

rugae

longitudinal folds on empty stomach for expansion

3 layers of muscularis externa

1. oblique-inner 2. circular 3. longitudinal-outer

gastric pits

functional portion of mucosa

gastric glands

connect to the gastric pits

parietal cells

intrinsic factor for B12 absorption

chief cells-2

1. pepsinogen | 2. gastric lipase

pepsinogin

converts to pepsin in presence of HCl, breaks down proteins

pyloric glands-2

1. gastrin- stim the secretion of parietal and chief cells | 2. somatostatin- D cell production to inhibit gastrin

Cephalic phase

CNS controlled prepares stomach for food starts by sight, smell, thought

gastric phase

arrival of food in stomach

intestinal phase

chyme enters small intestine

intestinal juice-3

1. secretin 2. CCK 3. gastrin

gastroenteric reflex

stimulates motility and secretion as stomach fills

gastroileal reflex

relaxes the illeocecal valve to create space for new food

small intestine segments-3

1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum

large intestine segments-3

1. cecum 2. colon 3. rectum

cecum

first part of large intestine, appendix

haustra

pouches or folds for expansion and elongation of colon

teaniae coli

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that create the haustra

epiploic appendages

fatty sacs in the colon

colon regions-4

1. ascending 2. transverse 3. descending 4. sigmoid

colon flexures-3

1. hepatic flexure 2. spleenic flexure 3. sigmoid flexure

internal sphincter

autonomic, inner sphincter

external sphincter

voluntary control

vitamins absorbed in colon-3

1. vit K 2. biotin 3. B5 pantothenic acid

organic wastes-4

1. ammonia 2. indole and skatole 3 hydrogen sulfide 4. indigestible carbs

pancreatic acini

cuboidal epi that secreates panc juice

panc juice-4

1. pancreatic alpha amylase-carbs 2. pancreatic lipase- lipids 3. nucleases- nucleic acids 4. proteolytic enzymes

proteases

break large proteins- trypsinogen

peptidases

break small peptide chains

liver lobes-4

1. right 2. left 3. caudate 4. quadrate (seperated from left by round ligament)

Kupffer cells

macrophages found in liver

cystic duct

fills gall bladder by backflow from common bile duct