Ch 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Cell’s Basic Functions
- obtain and use nutrients
- dispose of wastes
- replicate/regenerate/repair
Phospholipids
-amphipathic
Cholesterol
- found among the lipid tails of the bilayer
- structural integrity of the plasma membrane
Glycolipids
- found on layer facing ECF
- Cellular adhesion and recognition
Integral proteins
found in the membrane
Peripheral proteins
found on top of/near the membrane
Transmembrane proteins
- found going through the membrane completely
- most prevalent type
Functions of the plasma membrane
- protective barrier
- cellular communications (via receptor proteins)
- regulates the movement of substances in and out
The plasma membrane is ____ permeable
selectively
Passive transport
requires no ATP to occur, goes down the gradient
Active transport
requires ATP
Simple diffusion
lipid-soluble molecules go directly through the bilayer down their concentration gradient
Osmosis
diffusion of water through the bilayer (through aquaporins especially)
Facilitated diffusion
an integral protein that spans the membrane enables the passage of a particular solute
Pumps
use ATP to actively pump substances across the membrane
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Using vesicles (ATP) to transport materials in and out of cell. Endocytosis removes plasma membrane, while exocytosis adds plasma membrane
Cytoplasm contains:
- Cytosol
- Organelles
- Inclusions
Ribosomes
- functions in protein synthesis
- made of proteins + ribosomal RNA
- found in RER, cytoplasm, and mitochondria
Rough ER
protein synthesis
Smooth ER
making/breaking down fats and calcium storage
Golgi Apparatus
- makes final changes to proteins, then sends off in vesicle
- ## cis face is receiving side, trans face is shipping side
Cisterns/cisternae
folds in the RER and G.A.
Lysosomes
break things down using digestive fluid kept within the membrane
Peroxisomes
form hydrogen peroxide (bad for the body), removes toxic waste
