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Anatomy > Ch 23 - Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch 23 - Digestive System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

2 parts of the digestive system

A

alimentary canal and accessory organs

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2
Q

ailmentary canal

A

aka the GI tract; the tube from mouth to anus

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3
Q

accessory organs

A

contribute to GI tract but not part of it. Ex: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, teeth

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4
Q

esophagus and trachea are _____ to the heart

A

posterior

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5
Q

functions of the digestive system

A
  • ingestion
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • elimination
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6
Q

hypochondriac means

A

below costal cartilage

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7
Q

all of the digestive system has ____ muscle except for the proximal end, which has _____ muscle

A

smooth; skeletal

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8
Q

what is peristalsis

A

continuous smooth movement of food bolus down the tube

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9
Q

segmentation in GI tract

A

squeeze one section first, then another section

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10
Q

most hollow organs have 4 tissue layers forming their walls:

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa
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11
Q

mucosa (mucous membrane) is made out of

A
  • simple columnar epithelum + lamina propria

- muscularis mucosae

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12
Q

function of the muscularis mucosae

A

twitches to dislodge anything stuck in mucous membrane

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13
Q

submucosa is made out of

A

Highly elastic CT with vessels and nerves

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14
Q

muscularis externa is made out of and is responsible for

A

Circular and longitudinal muscle; responsible for peristalsis and segmentation

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15
Q

serosa is ____ and is made out of ____

A

visceral peritoneum; squamous epithelium and connective tissue

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16
Q

the stomach has an extra layer of ____

A

muscularis externa

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17
Q

mesentery and its functions

A

a double layer of peritoneum. it holds organs in place, stores adipose, and is a route for vessels to/from the organs

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18
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity. It has a visceral layer and a parietal layer, and a peritoneal cavity filled with serous fluid

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19
Q

what can you find lots of in the mesentery?

A

vessels, nerves, and adipose

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20
Q

kidneys do not have a

A

mesentery

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21
Q

the only 2 ventral mesenteries are the

A

falciform ligament and lesser omentum

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22
Q

the 3 dorsal mesenteries are

A

transverse mesocolon, greater omentum, and sigmoid mesocolon

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23
Q

mesentery associated with the small intestines is sometimes called

A

mesentery proper

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24
Q

which organs have mesenteries

A
  • Liver
  • stomach
  • ileum and jejunum
  • transverse colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • appendix
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25
which organs dont have mesenteries
- duodenum - ascending colon - descending colon - rectum - pancreas
26
liver's mesentery names
falciform ligament and lesser omentum
27
stomach mesentery names
greater and lesser omenteum
28
Ileum and jejunum mesentery name
mesentery proper
29
transverse colon mesentery name
transverse mesocolon
30
sigmoid colon mesentery name
sigmoid mesocolon
31
uvula function
prevents food from going to nasopharynx during swallowing
32
fauces
double archways lateral to the uvula
33
lots of (superficial or deep) blood vessels under the tongue
superficial
34
bumps you can see on the tongue are not taste buds but
papillae
35
fungiform and vallatae papillae have ____ associated with them
taste buds
36
filiform papillae do not have ____
taste buds
37
function of the filiform papillae
to direct food backwards
38
internal muscles of tongue function
changes tongue shape, are not attached to bones
39
external muscles of tongue function; what are they attatched to
to change tongue position, are attatched to bones of skull and hyoid
40
function of suprahyoid muscles
lift the larynx and position it under the epiglottis
41
function of Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
push food into the esophagus
42
function of Infrahyoid Muscles
return the larynx to its original position
43
hyoid bone is anchored to
cartilages associated with the larynx
44
esophagus
Collapsible muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach
45
layers of esophagus
- Mucosa: non-ker. strat. sq. epith. - Submucosa: mucous glands - Muscularis externa: transitions from skeletal to smooth muscle - No serosa
46
at the cardiac sphincter there is an abrupt transition in mucosa from ____ to ____
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (esophagus) → simple columnar epithelium (rest of GI tract)
47
food is stored in stomach for about 4 hours and turned into
chyme
48
first site of protein breakdown is in
the stomach
49
first place of carbohydrate breakdown is in
the mouth (saliva)
50
inside ____ is where the most acid is secreted
fundus
51
rugae
nonpermanent wrinkles in the mucosal lining that are present in any of the collapsible organs in the body (like the bladder and esophagus)
52
gastric glands are multicellular and contain which types of cells
- simple columnar epithelium - chief cells - parietal cells
53
what do chief cells make
pepsinogen (inactive enzyme)
54
what do parietal cells make
HCl
55
how does HCl and pepsinogen interact
HCl activates pepsinogen to pepsin, which breaks down proteins
56
in which layer are gastric pits and glands located
in the mucosa
57
the small intestine is the ____ of the GI tract
longest
58
where is the site with the most enzymatic digestion and almost all absorption of nutrients
the small intestine
59
what are most digestive enzymes secreted by
the pancreas
60
what are the regions of the small intestine in order
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
61
what are the modifications of the small intestine for more surface area
- circular folds (plicae circularis) - villi - microvilli
62
function of the circular folds
to direct things downwards
63
villi are made out of what type of epithelium
simple columnar epithelium, which have microvilli
64
bile is formed by the ____ and stored by the ____
liver; gallbladder
65
R + L hepatic ducts =
common hepatic duct
66
common hepatic duct + cystic duct =
common bile duct
67
can the common bile duct be closed
yes
68
wall of the gallbladder has ____ and ____
smooth muscle and epithelium (that forms rugae)
69
accessory pancreatic duct
backup tube that enzymes can go through in case a gallstone blocks the common entrance
70
major duodenal papilla
shared opening of common bile and pancreatic duct
71
functions of large intenstine
- Receives undigested food from small intestine - Absorbs water and electrolytes - Passes feces out of the GI tract with mass peristaltic movements rather than constant peristalsis
72
Ileocal valve
valve between the small and large intestine; closed and gets filled until distended, then we have a mass peristaltic movement
73
appendix has its own
mesentery
74
anus transitions epithelium from ____ to ____
simple columnar → keratinized squamous epithelium
75
Haustra (pouches) are there because
the longitudinal layer of muscularis mucosa has strips that are tense (teniae coli)
76
epiploic appendages
fat filled pouches of mesentery
77
2 sphincters in inferior rectum/anal canal
- internal anal sphincter | - external anal sphincter
78
internal anal sphincter is made out of
smooth muscle and is part of the circular layer
79
external anal sphincter is made out of
skeletal muscle
80
the more distal in the large intestine, the more ____ cells can be found
goblet cells (to make mucus to reduce friction from waste)
81
what are the 3 salivary glands
parotid gland, sublingual gland, and submandibular gland
82
9 abdominal regions
R + L hypochondriac region, epigastric region, R + L lumbar region, umbilical region, R + L iliac (inguinal) region, hypogastric (pubic) region
83
top 1/3 of esophagus is _____ muscle, bottom 2/3 is _____ muscle
skeletal; smooth

Anatomy (9 decks)

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