Ch 22 - Respiratory

Question 1

conducting zone

Answer 1

respiratory passageways that carry air to the sites of gas exchange. also filters, warms, and humidifies air. does not contain alveoli

Question 2

Respiratory zone

Answer 2

actual sites of gas exchange in the lungs which contain alveoli

Question 3

septal cartilage

Answer 3

• middle cartilage of nose, forms septum between nasal cavities

Question 4

hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

makes up most of the nose

Question 5

external nares

Answer 5

nostrils

Question 6

what is the vestibule and its function

Answer 6

region where the nose hairs are. its function is filtration

Question 7

roof of the internal nasal cavity is formed by the ___ and ___ bones

Answer 7

sphenoid; ethmoid

Question 8

hard palate is made out of the ____ and the ____

Answer 8

maxilla; palatine bone

Question 9

floor of the internal nasal cavity is made out of the ___ and ____

Answer 9

hard and soft palates

Question 10

internal nares

Answer 10

region that distinguishes the beginning of the throat

Question 11

nasal conchae function

Answer 11

Act to increase air turbulence within the nasal cavity…which acts to increase contact with the nasal mucosa

Question 12

what is the lining of the cavities made out of

Answer 12

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium; cilia moves stuff backwards

Question 13

what are paranasal sinuses

Answer 13

Air-filled cavities around and dumping into the nasal cavity, are lined with respiratory mucosa and is continuous with the nasal cavity

Question 14

4 different pairs of paranasal sinuses are

Answer 14

• fronal bone sinuses
• maxillary sinuses
• ethmoid sinuses
• sphenoid sinuses

Question 15

olfactory mucosa

Answer 15

the roof of the nasal cavtiy and it houses olfactory neurons/dendrites

Question 16

respiratory mucosa

Answer 16

covers most of the nasal cavity and is made with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with glands in the CT. Contains goblet cells and serous cells

Question 17

goblet cells release

Answer 17

mucus

Question 18

serous cells release

Answer 18

digestive enzymes

Question 19

boundaries of the nasopharynx

Answer 19

internal nares to uvula

Question 20

boundaries of oropharynx

Answer 20

uvula to epiglottis

Question 21

boundaries of laryngopharynx

Answer 21

epiglottis to beginning of esophagus

Question 22

what are each part of the pharynx made out of

Answer 22

naso - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

oro and laryngo - stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

Question 23

pharyngotympanic tube is also known as the

Answer 23

eustachian tube

Question 24

pharynx

Answer 24

Funnel-shaped passageway that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus

Question 25

pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) is located in

Answer 25

the nasopharynx

Question 26

palantine tonsils are located in

Answer 26

the oropharynx

Question 27

lingual tonsil is located in

Answer 27

the tongue

Question 28

what is and where is the larynx

Answer 28

- Intricate arrangement of 9 cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments - starts at epiglottis, is anchored to hyoid bone superiorly and is continuous with the trachea

Question 29

functions of the larynx

Answer 29

- Vocalizations - Open airway - Routing food and air to the proper passageways

Question 30

thyroid cartilage and tracheal cartilages are ___ rings, while cricoid process is a ____ ring

Answer 30

incomplete; full

Question 31

laryngeal prominence (aka Adams apple) is located on the

Answer 31

thyroid cartilage

Question 32

epiglottis is made out of

Answer 32

elastic cartilage

Question 33

arytenoid cartilages attatches to the

Answer 33

true vocal cords

Question 34

Vestibular fold is also known as the

Answer 34

false vocal cord

Question 35

laryngeal ventricle

Answer 35

dip in the structure between the vestibular fold and vocal fold

Question 36

glottis is made from the

Answer 36

vocal folds + the hole (rima glottidis) made from their separation

Question 37

what kind of cartilage is the trachea, cricoid, and thyroid made out of

Answer 37

hyaline

Question 38

the carina is the

Answer 38

ridge of tissue on the inside at the bifurcation of trachea. it is highly sensitive and can induce coughing if touched

Question 39

lining of trachea is called ____ and is made out of ___

Answer 39

submucosa; pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 40

what direction does the cilia move in the trachea

Answer 40

upwards, to deliver stuff to the throat

Question 41

function of cartilage in trachea

Answer 41

durability to keep the airway open, but there is no cartilage on the posterior side so the esophagus can expand

Question 42

what is trachealis and its function

Answer 42

smooth muscle that connects tracheal cartilages posteriorly, it functions to narrow passageway to increase pressure when you sneeze/cough

Question 43

Adventitia

Answer 43

fibrous connective tissue that wraps around trachea and esophagus

Question 44

right side of lung has ___ lobes and left side has ___

Answer 44

3; 2

Question 45

primary bronchi have ___ rings of cartilage, 2nd, 3rd, etc bronchi have ____ rings

Answer 45

full; segmented

Question 46

secondary bronchi are also known as

Answer 46

lobar bronchi, and they go to the lobes

Question 47

tertiary bronchi are also known as

Answer 47

segmental bronchi, and they go to bronchopulmonary segments

Question 48

what are alveoli and what are they made of

Answer 48

sacs of simple squamous epithelium (type I cells) covered with capillaries

Question 49

terminal bronchioles are the

Answer 49

last bronchiole of conducting system, no alveoli

Question 50

respiratory bronchioles are the

Answer 50

first area of respiratory zone

Question 51

terminal and respiratory bronchioles are covered in ____ that function in ____

Answer 51

smooth mucsle; constriction/dilation

Question 52

alveolar duct

Answer 52

the duct that the alveoli are connected to and receive air from, however not all alveoli are connected to the duct

Question 53

alveolar pores

Answer 53

holes that join the alveoli together

Question 54

characteristics of alveoli

Answer 54

- elastic - connected via pores - highly vascular

Question 55

small amount of ____ on the outside of alveoli (basal surface)

Answer 55

connective tissue

Question 56

alveoli are made out of

Answer 56

areolar loose connective tissue proper, but have more elastic fibers

Question 57

more capillaries in the ____ than anywhere else

Answer 57

alveoli

Question 58

what are Type II pneumocytes

Answer 58

they are surfectant-secreting cells and they are not a part of the cell wall. interrupts water interaction with other water

Question 59

Dust cells/macrophages are

Answer 59

migratory cells that eat invaders, and the cilia moves them so you swallow them

Question 60

each lung contains roughly ___ bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 60

10. each are separated from one another so a problem with one does not affect the others

Question 61

lobule

Answer 61

smallest subdivision of the lung that can be seen with the naked eye; looks like a hexagon

Question 62

lung hilum

Answer 62

like the doorway of the lung, anything that passes through is part of the root of the lung

Question 63

root of the lung

Answer 63

the primary bronchi and pulmonary vessels

Question 64

pleurae

Answer 64

serous membranes of the lungs, each lung has its own. sticks lung to body wall to keep it from collapsing, so there is always a tiny bit of air in the lungs

Question 65

There is ____ pressure in the pleural space that is ____ than the atmospheric pressure that keeps lungs from collapsing

Answer 65

negative; lower