Ch 24 - Urinary System

Question 1

general functions of the kidney

Answer 1

• Elimination of wastes
• Chemical constancy of blood
• Volume of blood

Question 2

right kidney is slightly lower because of the

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

_____ sit on top of the kidneys

Answer 3

adrenal glands

Question 4

location of kidneys

Answer 4

Superior Lumbar Region of the Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 5

what supports/protects the kidney?

Answer 5

• fibrous capsule
• fascia
• perineal fat capsule
• no mesentery!

Question 6

renal cortex is where the ____ are found

Answer 6

nephrons

Question 7

renal medulla contains the ___

Answer 7

pyramids

Question 8

renal papilla location and function

Answer 8

• tip of the pyramid
• contains papillary ducts
• where urine is released

Question 9

urine drains into the ____ which then drains into the ____

Answer 9

minor calyx; major calyx

Question 10

the nephron is the _____ and it contains the ____ and the ___

Answer 10

functional unit of the kidney; renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

Question 11

where is the renal corpuscle always found

Answer 11

in the renal cortex

Question 12

the renal corpuscle contains

Answer 12

bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

Question 13

parts of the renal tubule are

Answer 13

• proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• loop of Henle
• distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• collecting duct

Question 14

2 types of nephrons

Answer 14

• juxtamedullary nephron

- cortical nephron

Question 15

specialization of juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 15

• long loop of henle
• has specific role in recapturing water
• renal cortex closer to medulla

Question 16

blood in the glomerular capillaries are

Answer 16

filtered

Question 17

what is specialized about the filtering of the peritubular capillaries

Answer 17

they can reabsorb or secrete

Question 18

flow of blood in order

Answer 18

1. afferent arteriole
2. glomerular capillaries (capillary bed 1)
3. efferent arterioles (transitional vessel to capillary bed 2)
4. peritubular capillaries
5. veins to the heart

Question 19

in juxtamedullary, peritubular capillaries are ____ and are called

Answer 19

straight; vasa recta

Question 20

fluids run in ____ direction between capillaries and loop of henle

Answer 20

opposite

Question 21

podocytes

Answer 21

the visceral layer of the glomerular corpuscle, made of modified simple squamous epithelium. Has interdigitation

Question 22

interdigitation

Answer 22

branches of the podocytes for filtration

Question 23

which layer of glomerular capsule does not touch capillaries

Answer 23

the parietal layer

Question 24

space between glomerular capsule layers is called

Answer 24

bowman’s capsule space

Question 25

how does the epithelium transition from glomerular capsule to the PCT

Answer 25

simple squamous epithelium → simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 26

where does secretion and absorption occur

Answer 26

in the tubule

Question 27

what can and cannot get through glomerulus

Answer 27

can: glucose, ions and water cannot: proteins and cells

Question 28

macula densa

Answer 28

specialized group of epithelial cells form the wall of the DCT, and they sense the amount of ions in the filtrate

Question 29

what happens if there is too much or too little ions in the filtrate

Answer 29

constriction or dilation of the afferent arteriole

Question 30

filtrate becomes urine when

Answer 30

it leaves the renal papillae

Question 31

ureters dump into the (top or bottom) of the bladder

Answer 31

bottom

Question 32

____ in the ureter pushes back so that urine stays in the bladder

Answer 32

smooth muscle

Question 33

urinary bladder

Answer 33

Collapsible, muscular sac that stores and expels urine

Question 34

the trigone

Answer 34

area of the floor of the bladder between the two openings of the ureters and the urethra

Question 35

internal urethra sphincter vs external urethra sphincter (females)

Answer 35

smooth muscle and skeletal muscle (part of pelvic diaphragm)

Question 36

prostatic urethra

Answer 36

separates internal and external urethra

Question 37

membranous urethra

Answer 37

underneath prostatic urethra

Question 38

the male urethra is ____ and ____ compared to the female urethra

Answer 38

longer and spongy

Question 39

pelvic floor

Answer 39

flattened, bowl-shaped structure made of skeletal muscle associated with the exits of the body so we have control over what exits. muscles are attached to the coccyx

Question 40

micturition

Answer 40

excretion (release) of urine from body

Question 41

parasympathetic neuron makes bladder ____ but internal sphincter ____

Answer 41

squeeze; relax