Ch 20 - Blood Vessels

Question 1

tunica intima and what its made of

Answer 1

the endothelium of the blood vessel; made of simple squamous epithelium

Question 2

tunica media

Answer 2

circular smooth muscle in the blood vessel, wraps around tunica intima

Question 3

which type of vessel (artery or vein) has a thicker tunica media

Answer 3

the arteries

Question 4

tunica externa

Answer 4

connective tissue that makes up the outside of the blood vessel

Question 5

which vessel type has a thicker tunica externa (artery or vein)

Answer 5

vein

Question 6

which vessel type was a wider lumen (artery or vein)

Answer 6

vein (more blood in veins at rest than in arteries)

Question 7

What do veins have that arteries don’t

Answer 7

• unidirectional valves

- skeletal muscle pumps

Question 8

what are the two layers that make up capillaries

Answer 8

basement membrane and endothelial cells

Question 9

arterioles are controlled by the ___

Answer 9

ANS

Question 10

arterioles are always slightly ___ at all times

Answer 10

constricted; this way there’s room for vasodilation if needed

Question 11

capillaries are just wide enough to allow _____ passage of RBCs

Answer 11

single-file

Question 12

pre-capillary sphincters are isolated to the ______. This occurs during exercising or fight-or-flight

Answer 12

mesenteric vasculature (associated with the intestines)

Question 13

when sphincters are closed, blood passes through the _____ and bypasses _____

Answer 13

metarteriole; true capillaries

Question 14

4 routes that molecules pass through capillaries

Answer 14

• Diffusion through endothelial cell membranes (O2, CO2)
• Intercellular clefts
• Pinocytotic vesicles
• Fenestrations

Question 15

what is the exception to the ways that molecules pass through capillaries

Answer 15

the blood-brain barrier. no fenestrations, or clefts, completely tight junctions, glucose is “ushered” across the walls

Question 16

intercellular clefts

Answer 16

gaps between cells of endothelium

Question 17

pinocytotic vesicles

Answer 17

what the cell uses to take in water

Question 18

fenestrations

Answer 18

occurs when pinocytosis and exocytosis are occuring at the same time; hole in the endothelial cells

Question 19

3 types of capillaries

Answer 19

• continuous capillary
• fenestrated capillary
• sinusoid capillary

Question 20

traits of continuous capillaries

Answer 20

• least permeable
• majority of capillaries
• intercellular clefts
• found in skin and muscles

Question 21

traits of fenestrated capillaries

Answer 21

• more permeable than continuous
• clefts AND fenestrations
• located in kidneys and small intestine

Question 22

traits of sinusoid capillaries

Answer 22

• most permeable
• longer; so blood stays here for a longer period
• larger fenestrations and clefts
• found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen

Question 23

which vessel type (veins or arteries) have a lower pressure

Answer 23

veins

Question 24

anastomoses

Answer 24

junctions between similar vessels

Question 25

which vessel type (arteries or veins) has more anastomoses

Answer 25

veins

Question 26

Which carotid is larger (external or internal). what do they both serve

Answer 26

internal carotid is larger. it serves the brain while the external serves skin and muscles of head

Question 27

hiatus

Answer 27

hole in the diaphragm where vessels travel

Question 28

Hepatic Portal Vein

Answer 28

collects blood from the digestive system and sends to the liver`

Question 29

vasa vasorum

Answer 29

little blood vessels that are supplying some of the muscular tissue in the wall of that vessel (has its own set of capillary beds to get oxygen and nutrients) located in tunica externa