Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psychology > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

parts of neurons

A

soma, dendrites, axon, axon buttons, synapse, nodes of ranvier, myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

glial cells

A

cells that are a structure for neurons to latch onto; regulate neuron nutrients, communication, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dendrites

A

recieve messages and neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

soma

A

main cell body with nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

axon

A

electrical impule akes message and sends next message, fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

breaks in the myelin sheath of the axon so impulses move faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neuron firing

A

all or nothing; starts charged, thriugh diffusion positive ions are absorbed into neuron and the charge is reversed (action potential); the ability to diffuse is regulated by voltage applied to the membrane; after firing positive Na ions are pumped out again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

neuron and neurotransmitter interaction

A

axon buttons have synaptic besticles containing the transmitters; when fired, vesticles release transmitters and a process called “reuptake” lets them take back excess transmitter molecules; the neurotransmitter is then recepted by dendtrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

agonist neurotransmitter

A

mimics transmitter or enhances it to get more of a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antagonist neurotransmitter

A

chemical that blocks receptors in the dendrites and prevents neurotransmitter reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spinal cord

A

connects brain to peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

autonomic system and somatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

automatic regulation of body; parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

carries senseoy info and controls skeletal system; sensory and motor systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

maintains body functions under normal conditions and works to conserve energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

prepares body to react to stress, uses a lot of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sensory nervous system

A

carries messages from senses to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Motor nervous system

A

carries messages from CNS to skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

interneurons

A

connect the motor system to the sensory; within the inner part of the spinal cord; responsible for reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pituitary gland

A

master of the endocrine system; directs hormone production from hypothalamus instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pineal gland

A

responsible for biological rhythms and melatonin (sleep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thyroid gland

A

regulates growth and metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pancreas

A

controls blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gonads
sexual behavior and reproduction
26
adrenal glands
stress and sympathy
27
lesioning studies
study organisms with damage to the target area of the brain
28
Brain stimulation
uses electrical stimulation of the brain; invasively insert probe or use a magnet; neurons act as if they got a message
29
CT scan
x-rays of slices od the brain put together for a 2D image; good for blood flow (function) or damage to structures
30
EEG
records electrical pulses using electrodes on the scalp; functional only (no image); shows how long it takes to process stimuli
31
MRI/fMRI
uses magnetic field to measure alignment of H+; most thorough picture for structure or function
32
PET scan
radioactive glucose injected and scanned for absorption; shows blood flow and metabolic activity; detects problems in nervous system
33
Acetylcholine
action of muscles,earning, memory; high: muscles spasms, low: alzheimers
34
Dopamine
pleasure and reward; high: schizophrenia, low: parkinsons
35
Endorphins
euphoria and control of pain; low: addiction, high: natural opiate
36
Norepinephrine
released under stress; low: depression, high: anxiety
37
GABA
inhibits any neurons from firing so the right neuron is getting the right message; low: lethargic, high: bipolar
38
Glutamate
excititary, info processing an memory; high: brain damage after stroke
39
Serotonin
regulates sleep, mood, appetite, behavior; high: anxiety, low: depression
40
main depression neurotransmitter
low levels of serotonin
41
main alzheimers neurotransmitter
low levels of acetylcholine
42
main schizophrenia neurotransmitter
high dopamine
43
how drugs help neurotransmitter imbalances
agonists, antagonists, OR change the time that neurotransmitters are left in the synapse
44
afferent neurons
sensory neurons
45
efferent neurons
motor neurons
46
wernicke's area
meaning behind words is lost
47
broca's area
words are not produced in a smooth or coherent fashion
48
right hemisphere
visual perception, music/art processing, emotions, pattern recognition
49
left hemisphere
language, math calculations, logical processes, analysis of detail
50
parathyroid glands
glands that maintain correct calcium levels in the blood
51
Klinefelter's syndrome
boy has an extra X chromosome, more feminine features
52
Turner's syndrome
girl missing part/all of an X chromosome, undeveloped sexually and developmentally
53
Phineas Gage
pole through his skull, damaged brain, could still function somehow
54
nervous system
network of cells carrying info in the body
55
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex
56
Medulla oblangata
control involuntary movement of the heart and lungs
57
Brain Stem
connects hindbrain to spinal cord
58
Reticular formation
filter's your attention and alertness to environment
59
Cerebellum
coordinate voluntary muscle movements; "little brain"
60
Pons
facial expressions, breathing, sleep/wake cycle
61
Tectum
first vision processing; part of auditory processing
62
Tegmentum
motor control
63
Substantia nigra
regulates mood and dopamine (addiction)
64
Pineal gland
biological rhythm and melatonin (sleep)
65
Pituitary gland
master of the endocrine/hormone system
66
Hypothalamus
Hormones Homostasis Hunger
67
Thalamus
post office for all senses but smell
68
Basal ganglia
voluntary movement with intent
69
Limbic system
Memory Emotions Motivations Education
70
Septal area
dopamine to the brain, sweet and soothing
71
Amygdala
fear responses and memories of fear
72
Hippocampus
long term memory
73
Occipital lobes
interpret optic info
74
Parietal lobes
touch, taste, navigation
75
Somatosensory lobes
perceived senses; like there's a map on your body; hot and cold
76
Frontal lobes
emotions, consequences, goals
77
Motor cortex
voluntary muscles in face and limbs
78
Temporal lobes
auditory info and language
79
Corpus Callosum
connects left and right brain and facilitates
80
Glial Cells
myelin sheath, protection, regulation, nutrients
81
Meninges
protection, tissue full of spinal fluid between skull and brain
82
Gyri
the bumps that help scrunch up neurons to fit more for higher level cognition
83
Sulci
the creases that help scrunch up neurons to fit more for higher level cognition

AP Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions