Chapter 1 Pt. 1 History and Perspectives

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

“father of psychology”; introspection on own minds/feelings/thoughts/experiences

Question 2

Tichner

Answer 2

from Wundt’s introspection theory, Tichner began structuralism: the breaking down of the mind into individual emotions and sensations

Question 3

Hippocrates

Answer 3

four humors developed; each person has a mix of the four humors that determine behavior

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

functionalism: looked at everyday life conciousness, focusing on heredity’s role; influenced by Darwin

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

influenced functionalism with theory of natural selection

Question 6

John Watson

Answer 6

started behaviorism: observed behavior and used conditioning to study behavior; “Little Albert” experiment trained a kid to be afraid of a rat; proved learned phobias

Question 7

Mary Cover Jones

Answer 7

first known woman psychologist; took Watson’s conditioning ideas and wanted to see if she could reverse learned phobias; trained “Little Peter” with behavior therapy

Question 8

John Locke

Answer 8

tabula rasa idea that all learning comes from experience or perception

Question 9

Stanley Hall

Answer 9

first president of the American Psych Association

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

Freudian psych: the unconscious mind is motivated by sex and aggression; through psychoanalysis, can use childhood, repression, unconscious motivations to help patients

Question 11

Benjamin Rush

Answer 11

…

Question 12

B.F. Skinner

Answer 12

developed the theory operant conditioning in the behavioral perspective

Question 13

Abraham Maslow

Answer 13

pioneer of humanistic perspective with psychotherapy that focuses on self improvement

Question 14

Dorthea Dix

Answer 14

…

Question 15

Franz Gall

Answer 15

…

Question 16

Dr. Kirkbride

Answer 16

…

Question 17

Sociocultural Perspective Keywords

Answer 17

…

Question 18

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 18

behavior is based on group expectations and social norms; one’s environment; nurture part of nature vs nurture

Question 19

Biological Perspective Keywords

Answer 19

biochemical; hormones; parts of the brain; nervous system;

Question 20

Biological Perspective

Answer 20

behavior is based on biological events in the body

Question 21

Behavioral Perspective Keywords

Answer 21

triggers; learned behavior; observing others; punishment; reinforcement

Question 22

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 22

behavior is based on learning from punishment or reinforcement

Question 23

Humanist Perspective Keywords

Answer 23

free will; hierarchical needs: safety, food, shelter, belonging, love, esteem

Question 24

Humanist Perspective

Answer 24

behavior is based on the idea that humans all need certain parts of the hierarchy and to feel like they have fulfilled their destiny

Question 25

Cognitive Perspective Keywords

Answer 25

memory, interpretation of a situation

Question 26

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 26

behavior based on storage and interpretation of information

Question 27

Psychodynamic Perspective Keywords

Answer 27

sex and aggression, childhood trauma, repressed memories

Question 28

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 28

behavior is based on the unconscious mind; therapy focuses on relationships as motivations; Freud: sex and aggression

Question 29

Trait Perspective Keywords

Answer 29

genetics, ancestors exhibit same behavior

Question 30

Trait Perspective

Answer 30

behavior is based on one's personality determined by genetics; nature part of nature vs nurture

Question 31

Developmental Perspective Keywords

Answer 31

maturity, stage of life

Question 32

Developmental Perspective

Answer 32

behavior is based on one's stage of growth; combines nature and nurture factors

Question 33

Evolutionary Perspective Keywords

Answer 33

ensure survival

Question 34

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 34

behavior is based on human instinct developed by natural selection

Question 35

Experimental Psychologists

Answer 35

answer a question

Question 36

Applied Psychologists

Answer 36

apply psychological research to patients/teaching/products...

Question 37

Industrial and Organizational Psych

Answer 37

management of people based upon psychology

Question 38

Sports Psychology

Answer 38

maximize athlete potential using psychology

Question 39

Engineering Psychology

Answer 39

design based on user psychology

Question 40

Clinical Psychology

Answer 40

diagnosis and treatment of patients

Question 41

Psychiatrist vs Psychologist

Answer 41

a psychologist is not medically trained, they have a PhD and have specific training; a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who diagnosis and treats disorders

Question 42

Structuralism

Answer 42

using introspection and breaking down parts of the mind and isolating specific emotions, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 43

Functionalism

Answer 43

how the mind allows everyday function focusing on genetics

Question 44

Gestalt Psych

Answer 44

the original cognitive psychology; focused on sensation and perception before really understanding the brain

Question 45

Introspection

Answer 45

technique where patients verbalize internal thoughts and feelings; broken down into individual sensations

Question 46

Psychoanalysis

Answer 46

therapy designed around the psychodynamic/unconscious motives perspective

Question 47

Schema

Answer 47

a mental framework | Ex. if a child only sees a four legged animal as a dog, it will call a cat a dog

Question 48

objective introspection

Answer 48

Wundt had his students analyze and verbalize their own thoughts and mental activities, called objective introspection

Question 49

stream of conciousness

Answer 49

the act of thinking about what you were thinking about; train of thought

Question 50

definitions of phobias

Answer 50

Freud: symptom or repression; Watson: learned

Question 51

six main perspectives

Answer 51

sociocultural; biological; behavioral; humanistic; cognitive; psychodynamic

Question 52

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 52

brain imaging on physical brain processes

Question 53

operant behavior

Answer 53

behavior trained by positive reinforcement

Question 54

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 54

idea that responsibility falls upon other bystanders and not self

Question 55

Pavlov

Answer 55

reflexes occur based on formerly unrelated stimulus; first to use conditioning