Ch 4 States of Conciousness

Question 1

REM Sleep

Answer 1

rapid eye movement, deep sleep, dreams, sleep paralysis, starts at ten minutes and gets longer as cycle goes on

Question 2

factors affecting REM sleep amounts

Answer 2

get less REM if high physical exhertion, but get more REM (REM recovery) the next day

Question 3

N1

Answer 3

theta waves, light sleep, ten minutes long, light sleep

Question 4

N2

Answer 4

theta waves with occasional sleep spindles, twenty minutes long, slightly deeper sleep

Question 5

N3

Answer 5

delta waves, deeper sleep, up to forty minutes, some dreaming, sleep walking (somnambulism), night terrors

Question 6

Sleep paralysis

Answer 6

during REM, all muscles are paralyzed so that we don’t act out our dreams; some sleep disorders allow people to act them out

Question 7

Hypnogogic hallucinations

Answer 7

hallucinations when you start to fall asleep

Question 8

Circadian rhythm

Answer 8

the sleep-wake cycle, controlled by hypothalamus and glandular system that releases melatonin

Question 9

Theories of Dreaming: Freud

Answer 9

to fulfill wishes related to sex and aggression

Question 10

Theories of Dreaming: Memory Consolidation

Answer 10

dreams are when memories are consolidated, and when STM is gotten rid of

Question 11

Theories of Dreaming: Cognitive

Answer 11

creative thinking, and info processing/problem solving

Question 12

Theories of Dreaming: Activation Synthesis

Answer 12

dreams are entirely derived from pons firing off random electrical pulses that the brain tries to make sense of

Question 13

Narcolepsy

Answer 13

randomly go straight to REM sleep, especially when emotionally excited

Question 14

Sleep apnea

Answer 14

airway blocked during the night, can’t breathe while sleeping

Question 15

Somnambulism

Answer 15

sleep walking during N3 usually and hard to wake up

Question 16

Night terrors

Answer 16

extreme feelings of panic during sleep, N3 usually, and hard to wake up

Question 17

Conscious State

Answer 17

higher-level consciousness is controlled processing (writing an essay),

Question 18

Preconscious state

Answer 18

lower-level consciousness is automatic processing (alphabet song, daydreaming)

Question 19

Altered state of consciousness

Answer 19

can be produced by hypnosis, drugs, fatigue, intoxication, meditation, sleeping, dreaming

Question 20

William James

Answer 20

stream of consciousness: mind is a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings

Question 21

Hypnosis

Answer 21

must be willing to be hypnotized, the person really hypnotizes themselves and someone else guides them to an altered state of consciousness

Question 22

Stimulant Drugs

Answer 22

stimulate the nervous system

Question 23

Depressant Drugs

Answer 23

depress the nervous system

Question 24

Hallucinogenic Drugs

Answer 24

alter perceptions and may cause hallucinations

Question 25

Barbiturates

Answer 25

major tranquilizers, depressants, sleep-inducing

Question 26

Benzodiazepines

Answer 26

minor tranquilizers, depressants, lower anxiety

Question 27

opiates

Answer 27

stimulants, pain relieving

Question 28

cocaine

Answer 28

natural stimulant

Question 29

marijuana

Answer 29

natural mild hallucinogen

Question 30

alcohol

Answer 30

depressant

Question 31

nicotine

Answer 31

mild stimulant

Question 32

amphetamines

Answer 32

synthetic stimulant

Question 33

physical addiction vs psychological addiction

Answer 33

physical: body can't function without the drug, psychological: drug is needed to be emotionally "okay"

Question 34

Sigmund Freud

Answer 34

latent and manifest content, introduced idea of subconsciousness

Question 35

Ernest Hilgard

Answer 35

hypnosis theory of disassociation

Question 36

NREM vs REM purpose

Answer 36

NREM is meant to restore from physical exhertion, REM is meant to restore from emotional exhertion

Question 37

microsleeps

Answer 37

what the brain relies on when sleep deprived, sleep lasting seconds

Question 38

adaptive theory of sleep

Answer 38

sleep at night to avoid being present during predator's hunting times, conserve energy to hunt during the day

Question 39

restorative theory of sleep

Answer 39

sleep is necessary to repair cells, release growth hormones

Question 40

NREM vs REM characteristics

Answer 40

no paralysis during NREM, blood pressure and heart rate increases REM while stable in NREM, eye movement

Question 41

wakefulness brain function

Answer 41

beta waves during alert times, alpha waves during drowsy times

Question 42

Freud's latent content

Answer 42

meaning of the dream

Question 43

Freud's manifest content

Answer 43

plot of the dream

Question 44

subconscious awareness

Answer 44

not in current awareness (dreaming), Freud theory

Question 45

hypnosis as disassociation

Answer 45

hypnosis worked on conscious mind and another part of the mind is fully aware

Question 46

hypnosis as social role-playing

Answer 46

people are fully conscious but do whatever is expected of themselves