Ch 2 - Basic Exercise Science

Question 1

Which term refers to a system of glands that secretes hormones into the bloodstream to regulate a variety of bodily functions and consists of host organs, chemical messengers and target cells?

Answer 1

Endocrine System

Question 2

Which characteristic distinguishes type II muscle fibers from type I muscle fibers?

Answer 2

Decreased oxygen delivery

Question 3

What is a characteristic of muscle spindles?

Answer 3

They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.

Question 4

Which is made up of upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles & encompasses approximately 126 bones?

Answer 4

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 5

What is primarily produced by ovaries in females & in small amounts in adrenal glands of males?

Answer 5

Estrogen

Question 6

In the endocrine system, which secretes hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholamines in response to stress?

Answer 6

Adrenal gland

Question 7

What is responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues & are located in muscles, tendons, ligaments and joint capsules?

Answer 7

Mechanoreceptors

Question 8

Which of the following gland releases growth hormone during childhood up until puberty?

Answer 8

Pituitary gland

Question 9

Which is true of Type 1, or slow twitch, muscle fibers?

Answer 9

They respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.

Question 10

Which term refers to fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone and provides static and dynamic stability as well as input to the nervous system?

Answer 10

Ligaments

Question 11

Which term refers to the motion of a joint?

Answer 11

Arthokinematics

Question 12

Which is catabolic hormone secreted by adrenal glands & serves to maintain energy supply through the breakdown of carbs/fats/proteins?

Answer 12

Cortisol

Question 13

According to sliding filament theory, when does muscular contracting occur?

Answer 13

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the entire sarcomere

Question 14

Which of the following consists of a series of irregularly shaped bones divided into five different categories depending on where they are located in the backbone?

Answer 14

Vertebral column

Question 15

Which gland produces the hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help prepare the body for activity and for the fight or flight response?

Answer 15

Adrenal

Question 16

Which of the following is true of type I, or slow-twitch, muscle fibers?

Answer 16

They contain more capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin than type II muscle fibers.

Question 17

Which systems accomplish human movement through their functional integration?

Answer 17

Muscular, nervous, and skeletal systems

Question 18

Which mechanoreceptor helps prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast?

Answer 18

Muscle Spindle

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle spindles?

Answer 19

They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of joint receptors in the human body?

Answer 20

They respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.

Question 21

The body’s ability to differentiate between walking on concrete and walking on sand is an example of which of the following functions of the nervous system?

Answer 21

Sensory