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Assessment > Ch 21 Abdomen > Flashcards

Ch 21 Abdomen Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to athersclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

A

Aneurysm

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2
Q

Loss of appetite for food

A

Anorexia

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3
Q

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension

A

Ascites

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4
Q

Loud, gurgling bowel sounds signaling increased motility or hyperperistalsis, occurs with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea

A

Borborygmi

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5
Q

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

A

Bruit

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6
Q

First or proximal part of large intestine

A

Cecum

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7
Q

Inflammation of the gall bladder

A

Cholecystitis

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8
Q

Lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs

A

Costal margins

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9
Q

Angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney

A

Costovertebral angle (CVA)

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10
Q

Midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen, a separation of abdominal rectus muscles

A

Diastasis recti

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11
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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12
Q

Name of abdominal region between costal margins

A

Epigastrium

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13
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

A

Hepatomegaly

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14
Q

Abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakening in abdominal musculature

A

Hernia

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15
Q

Ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

A

Inguinal ligament

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16
Q

Midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles

A

Linea alba

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17
Q

Complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction

A

Paralytic ileus

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18
Q

Rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation

A

Peritoneal friction rub

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19
Q

Inflammation of peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

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20
Q

Congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter, forming outflow obstruction of stomach

A

Pyloric stenosis

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21
Q

Burning sensation in upper abdomen due to reflux of gastric acid (heart burn)

A

Pyrosis

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22
Q

Midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone

A

Rectus abdominus muscles

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23
Q

Abnormally sunken abdominal wall as with malnutrition or underweight

A

Scaphoid

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24
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen

A

Splenomegaly

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25
Silvery white or pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy or obesity (lineae albicantes)
Striae
26
Name of abdominal region just superior to pubic bone
Suprapubic
27
High pitched, musical, drumlike, hallow percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine
Tympany
28
Depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord
Umbilicus
29
Internal organs
Viscera
30
What are the solid internal organs
Liver Pancreas Spleen
31
What are the hallow internal organs
``` GI tract Stomach Intestines Colon Gallbladder Bladder ```
32
Name the organs of the RUQ
``` Liver Gallbladder Head of pancreas Right kidney and adrenal gland Ascending colon ```
33
Name the organs in the LUQ
``` Stomach Spleen Left lobe of liver Body of pancreas Left kidney and adrenal gland Descending colon ```
34
Name the organs in the RLQ
Appendix Cecum Right ureter, ovary, spermatic cord, and tube
35
Name the organs in the LLQ
Descending colon Sigmoid colon Left ureter, ovary, spermatic cord, and tube
36
What structures are midline of the abdomen
Aorta Uterus if enlarged Bladder if distended
37
What are the effects of aging
Dry mouth and decrease in saliva Gets harder to swallow (dysphagia) Less stomach acid so everything works slower More gallstones Decreased liver size making it harder to break down meds Constipation from decreased activity, fiber, and water Fat moves to hips and abdomen
38
This is increased in blacks, American Indians, Asians, and Mediterranean groups
Lactose intolerance
39
What subjective data should you collect
Appetite Dysphagia --> might have trouble swallowing pills Food intolerance Abdominal pain --> where and better or worse after eating
40
This pain in the organ is dull and hard to locate so they will say pain is all over the abdomen
Visceral
41
This pain is sharp and they will be able to tell you exactly where it is
Parietal
42
What information should you be sure to get in an abdominal history
``` Good menstrual history with females Any stress that could be causing the pain Bowel habits Rectal bleeding Frequent urination Past abdominal diseases Past abdominal surgeries Medications Nutrition assessment ```
43
How should you prepare for an abdominal examination
``` Good lighting Draping for privacy Be sure to have short nails so you dont tear their skin Promote abdominal relaxation by: -warming hands and stethoscope -comfy -have them breath through their mouth -palpate tender/painful areas last ```
44
You see this contour of stomach in people who are smaller or older adults who are thin
Scaphoid
45
You see this contour of stomach in pregnant women or people with a large build up of gas
Protuberant
46
What are the 4 contours of the abdomen
Flat Rounded Scaphoid Protuberant
47
When examining the abdomen lift the gown and be sure to inspect..
Symmetry The shape of the umbilicus: rounded could mean hernia Pulsations Hair Demeanor (facial expressions) Check for tubes, ostomies, and scars that could indicate surgery
48
What are the 8 F's of abdominal distention (reasons for distention)
1. Fat 2. Feces back up 3. Fibroids (tumors in the female uterus) 4. Flatus 5. Fluid (ascites: fluid over abd. cavity) 6. Fetus (pregnancy) 7. False pregnancy (mimics pregnancy) 8. Fatal tumor
49
How should you auscultate for bowel sounds
Listen in all 4 quadrants Should hear high pitched gurgling 5-30 gurgles/min is normal
50
When might bowels be more hyperactive
After eating
51
Growling when you are hungry or before diarrhea
Borborygmus
52
Anything less than 5 growls per min indicates
Hypoactive bowel sounds
53
How should you determine if bowel sounds are absent
Listen for 5 whole minutes in each quadrant | If nothing is heart after 20 min total this is an EMERGENCY
54
Heard over solid organs and masses
Dullness
55
The average span of the liver is..
6-12 cm
56
How do you check for costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
Percuss the 12th rib on the vertebral column with your non-dominant hand If there is sharp pain it indicates kidney inflammation
57
To use light palpation how many cm should you press down
1 cm in small circular motions
58
To use deep palpation how many cm should you press
5-8 cm (2-3")
59
What should you look at when describing masses
``` Where How big Shape Consistency Mobile Pulsing Tender ```
60
Where do you palpate the aorta and how big is it
Left of midclavicular line in LUQ | 2.5 - 4 cm
61
The point where the appendix is located where you want to palpate for suspected appendicitis
McBurney's point
62
Where gallbladder or liver inflammation will be, when lungs expand during a deep breath pt will experience pain here
Murphy's sign
63
Peritoneal irritation or peritonitis, inflamed appendix and rebound tenderness are usually found here together
Blumberg's sign
64
What is pain in the RLQ when you press on the RUQ
Rovsing sign
65
What is the test called when you raise the leg up flexing at the hip and if you press on the thigh then appendicitis
Iliopsoas muscle test
66
What abnormal findings might you find when examining the abdomen
Distention Sounds Enlarged organs (if you can easily palpate then its probably enlarged)

Assessment (11 decks)

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