Ch 22 Musculoskeletal Flashcards by Hannah Boaz

Immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery
Most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis
EXTREME FLEXION OF THE WRIST

Ankylosis

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Inability to perform coordinated movements

Ataxia

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Enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction

Bursa

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Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Circumduction

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Dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone

Crepitation

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Flexion contracture of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia

Dupuytren contracture

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Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

Eversion

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Straightening a limb at a joint

Extension

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Bending a limb at a joint

Flexion

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Round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on dorsum of wrist

Ganglion

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Lateral or outward deviation of the great toe

Bunion and hammer toes

Hallux valgus

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Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Inversion

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Outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine, hunchback

Kyphosis

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Fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens the joint

Ligament

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Inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine

Lordosis

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Center of the intervertebral disk

Nucleus pulposus

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Bony projection of the ulna at the elbow

Olecranon process

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Surface of the sole of the foot

Plantar

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Turning the forearm so that the palm is down

Pronation

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Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

Protraction

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Extent of movement of a joint

ROM

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Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

Retraction

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Chronic systemic INFLAMMATORY DISEASE of joints and surrounding connective tissue
Swan neck deformities in fingers
Typically pain in the mornings but gets better throughout the day
Systemic so its usually bilateral in hands

Rheumatoid arthritis

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Nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot

Sciatica

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S-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine

Scoliosis

Turning the forearm so that the palm is up

Supination

Congenital deformity of the foot in which it is plantar flexed and inverted (clubfoot)

Talipes equinovarus

Strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone

Tendon

Contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck (wryneck)

Torticollis

How many bones in the skeletal system

206

Coming together of bones

Joints/articulations

Functions of the musculoskeletal system

``` Support Movement Protect and encase organs Functions of RBCs in bone marrow Considered a reservoir for calcium and phospherous, housed in the bones ```

Nonsynovial joints are..

Movable and immovable

Muscle under voluntary control, connects bones to tendons

Skeletal

Muscle that lines all hallow organs and allow for distention and contraction

Smooth

Muscle that keeps the heart beating while it contracts

Cardiac

Synovial joints contain

Joint cavity and bursa

The articulation (the coming together) of mandible and temporal bone

Temperomandibular joint (TMJ)

The TMJ is anterior to the tragus of the ear and capable of what 3 movements

Hinge action Gliding action ---Glides side to side and forward and backward

The vertebrae has how many connecting bones

What you feel when you run your hand down your spine

Spinal processes

What are the sections of the vertebrae and how many bones in each

``` 7 cervical (base of neck is C7) 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 3-4 coccyx ```

Between all vertebrae for cushion

Intervertebral discs

The shoulder joint is known as the ____ and makes what action

Glenohumeral joint makes a ball and socket action

There are 4 muscles surrounding this joint as well as the scapula and clavicle

Rotator cuff

The 3 bony articulations of this hinge joint are the humerus, radius, and ulna of forearm

Elbow

The radiocarpal joint is the..

Wrist

This joint articulates at the head of the femur and the acetabulum and contains 3 bursa sacs for smooth movement Basically the same as the shoulder

The hip

The largest joint consisting of the femur, tibia, and patellar and contain medial and lateral menisci for cusion

The knee

This joint articulates at the tibia, fibula, and talus

Ankle or tibiotalar

What subjective data should you collect on the musculoskeletal system

Joints--> pain, stiffness, swelling/redness/heat Muscles--> pain or weakness Bones--> pain, numbness, tingling, deformities, trauma, breaks/fractures

You should get a health history on..

Complications with ADLs Self care behaviors (stretching is important) Family history

What should you inspect and palpate for in joints

Inspect for redness or swelling Palpate for grading or popping and try to localize pain ROM

What is the muscle testing examination

Having them put their arms out and you press on them | Grade resistance 0-5

What is the Phalen's test

Hands back to back | If pain after 1 min its a +Phalen test indicating carpal tunnel syndrome

What is Tinel's sign

Percussing the median nerve in the hand and wrist usually indicating carpal tunnel syndrome

What is the bulge sign test

Pressing on the knee looking for a suspected small amount of fluid or swelling

What is the ballottement of patella

Palpate knee looking for large amount of fluid, will be spongy

What is the Murrays test

Testing for a meniscal tear Hold heel, flex knee and hip Hear a click when you extend

What is the Lasegues or straight leg raising test

Testing for a herniated disc in the back Raise leg up looking for back or leg pain Positive for sciatic pain

How do you measure the leg

Measure bilaterally From iliac crest to medial malleolus Should be within 1 cm

What can you expect to see with aging adults

Decreased height because invertebral discs are compressed Kyphosis Redistribution of body fat (less in face, more in midsection) Bonier ROM should be normal unless they have arthritis

Degenerative joint disease One sided Usually gets worse as the day goes on Occurs from wear and tear on the body

Osteoarthritis

Tear of the rotator cuff usually occurs from..

lifting patients

Frozen shoulder adhesive capsulitis usually occurs from..

being bed ridden, rehab usually helps

Goose egg on the olecranon process, bursa sac inflamed from repetitive movement

Olecranon bursitis

Tennis elbow from frequent use

Epicondylitis

A fracture in the wrist from when someone falls and tries to catch themselves

Colles fracture

Ankylosis Spondylitis

LIMITED ROM | causing fusing together of joints

Happens with an overgrowth of palmer fascia, pulling fingers down

Dupuytren's contracture

Ganglion cyst is an abnormality of the..

hand and wrist

When the area inside the knee joint becomes inflamed

Mild synovitis

When the bursa sac is inflamed and you see it above the patella

Prepatellar bursitis

Ch 22 Musculoskeletal Flashcards

(73 cards)