Exam 4: Anus, Rectum, Prostate

Question 1

A decrease in stool frequency, with difficult passing of very hard, day stools

Answer 1

Constipation

Question 2

Painful longitudinal tear in tissue (in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin)

Answer 2

Fissure

Question 3

Flabby papules if skin or mucous membrane in the anal region caused by a varicose vein of the hemorrhoidal plexus

Answer 3

Hemorrhoid

Question 4

Blood in the stool

Answer 4

Melena

Question 5

Itching or burning senstation in the skin

Answer 5

Pruritis

Question 6

Excessive fat in the stool as in gastrointestinal malabsorption of fat

Answer 6

Steatorrhea

Question 7

Set of 3 semilunar transverse folds that cross one half the circumference of the rectal lumen

Answer 7

Valves of Houston

Question 8

Set of 3 semilunar transverse folds that cross one half the circumference of the rectal lumen
They support the weight of the fecal matter and prevent it from urging toward the anus
These, along with the rectal ampulla, allow gas through without the fecal matter

Answer 8

Valves of Houston

Question 9

The sphincter that controls bowel movements (muscle)

Answer 9

Internal sphincter

Question 10

The outlet of the anal canal contains..

Answer 10

Skin
No hair or sebaceous glands
Nerves
Internal & external sphincters

Question 11

Holds in stool but still allows you to pass gas
Feces are stored here until expelled out anal canal
Comes right before the anal canal

Answer 11

Rectal ampulla

Question 12

Holds in stool but still allows you to pass gas
Feces are stored here until expelled out anal canal
Comes right before the anal canal

Answer 12

Rectal ampulla

Question 13

Between the rectum and symphysis pubis

Surrounds bladder neck and urethra

Answer 13

Prostate gland

Question 14

The prostate gland contains ducts where 2 seminal vesicles create a sugary fluid that..

Answer 14

Keeps sperm viable/alive

Question 15

The prostate gland contains ducts where 2 seminal vesicles create a sugary fluid that..

Answer 15

Keeps sperm viable/alive

Question 16

Same as the bartholin’s gland in females

Creates mucus that lines the urethra for easy passage out for the sperm

Answer 16

Bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands

Question 17

Same as the bartholin’s gland in females

Creates mucus that lines the urethra for easy passage out for the sperm

Answer 17

Bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands

Question 18

When should you get a sigmoidoscopy

Answer 18

Every 5 years after the age of 50

Question 19

When should you get a colonoscopy

Answer 19

Every 10 years after the age of 50

Question 20

These look for polyps that might be cancerous

Answer 20

Scopes (sigmoidoscopy & colonoscopy)

Question 21

Hypertrophy of the prostate can occur with hormone imbalance causing a ____
This might make you have to pee at night and is very hard to catheterize

Answer 21

Benign adenomas

Question 22

This diet can increase risk for prostate cancer

Answer 22

High fatty red meats

Question 23

This tests for colon and prostate cancer

Answer 23

DRE (digital rectum exam)

Question 24

This tests your stool, put on gloves, palpate rectum, make a finger print of stool and look for hidden blood which is a sign of colon cancer

Answer 24

Fecal occult blood test

Question 25

How often should you have a DRE and fecal occult blood test

Answer 25

Every year after 50

Question 26

How often should you get a PSA test to look for prostate cancer

Answer 26

Every year after age 50, black should start at age 45

Question 27

Colorectal cancer, like prostate and colon cancer, are more common in..

Answer 27

African Americans

Question 28

Unless the stool is already impacted (solid immobile feces that can develop from constipation) these can help move the stool along

Answer 28

Enemas and stool softeners

Question 29

Bright red blood in the stool could mean..

Answer 29

Hemorrhoids

Question 30

Painful longitudinal tear/crack in tissue (in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin) From larger bowel movements after not moving a lot

Answer 30

Fissure

Question 31

Bright red blood in the stool could mean..

Answer 31

Hemorrhoids

Question 32

Tunneling of the rectum

Answer 32

Fistula

Question 33

A guaiac test container is used for..

Answer 33

Occult blood test sample

Question 34

How often should you check for skin irritation and breakdown

Answer 34

Every single shift

Question 35

What position should patients be in for a rectal exam

Answer 35

Males: left lateral decubitus Females: lithotomy if also getting a vaginal exam, if not then left lateral decubitus as well

Question 36

Report rectal/anus abnormalities according to a..

Answer 36

Clock face

Question 37

How do you correctly palpate the anus

Answer 37

Never go in at a straight angle, always curve finger in

Question 38

You should always refer this to a physician

Answer 38

Enlargements

Question 39

The surface of the prostate should feel

Answer 39

Smooth and muscular

Question 40

The shape of the prostate

Answer 40

Heart shaped

Question 41

The consistency of the prostate

Answer 41

Elastic and rubbery

Question 42

The mobility of the prostate

Answer 42

Slightly movable

Question 43

The sensitivity of the prostate

Answer 43

Non-tender

Question 44

Darker black stool could mean

Answer 44

Hidden blood

Question 45

Might end up with a false positive occult blood test if..

Answer 45

They have had fatty red meats

Question 46

How many positive occult blood tests do you need to confirm before you can say there is hidden blood

Answer 46

3

Question 47

2nd leading cancer killer in the US

Answer 47

Colorectal

Question 48

Cancer of the colon or rectum beginning as non-cancerous polyps

Answer 48

Colorectal cancer

Question 49

CRC (colorectal cancer) screenings

Answer 49

``` FOBT Flexible sigmoidoscopy Combo of FOBT and flexible sigmoid Colonoscopy Double contract barium enema ```

Question 50

In the sacral area, abnormal skin growth, a lot of people are born with these, usually surgery is done, sometimes they grow back, contains hair

Answer 50

Pilonidal cyst or sinus

Question 51

When the rectum folds out on itself, occurs a lot after giving birth

Answer 51

Rectal prolapse

Question 52

Flabby papules if skin or mucous membrane in the anal region caused by a dilated varicose vein of the hemorrhoidal plexus Internal and external Occurs form straining to have a bowel movement Th

Answer 52

Hemorrhoid

Question 53

Tunneling of the rectum to another body part

Answer 53

Anorectal fistula

Question 54

When the rectum folds out on itself, occurs a lot after giving birth

Answer 54

Rectal prolapse

Question 55

A pocket of infection can occur on inner or outer rectum

Answer 55

Abscess

Question 56

Patient has been constipated for a while, stool becomes hard, dry, fixed and cant come out on its own

Answer 56

Fecal impaction

Question 57

Carcinoma means..

Answer 57

Cancerous

Question 58

Have urea, very achy, generalized weakness in abdominal area, pain fever, chills

Answer 58

Prostatitis

Question 59

When the stool is fatty

Answer 59

Steatorrhea

Question 60

Pain with having a bowel movement

Answer 60

Dyschezia