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Assessment > Exam 4: Breast and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Exam 4: Breast and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest structures of mammary gland

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

Darkened area surrounding nipple

A

Areola

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3
Q

Thin, yellow fluid, precursor of milk, secreted for a few days after birth

A

Colostrum

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4
Q

Suspensory ligaments; fibrous brands extending from the inner breast surface to the chest wall muscles

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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5
Q

Benign breast mass, non tender, moveable, diagnosed with biopsy to assure its not cancer

A

Fibroadenoma

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6
Q

Excessive breast development in the male

A

Gynecomastia

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7
Q

Serosanguineous nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma

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8
Q

Nipples that are depressed or invaginated

A

Inverted

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9
Q

Conveying milk

A

Lactiferous

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10
Q

Pain in the breast

A

Mastalgia

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11
Q

Inflammation of the breast

A

Mastitis

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12
Q

Sebaceous glands in the areola, screte protective lipid during lactation also called tubercles of Montgomery

A

Montgomery’s glands

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13
Q

Intraductal carcinoma in the breast, clear, yellow discharge, halo red circle around it: cancer

A

Paget’s disease

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14
Q

Orange-peel appearance of breast due to edema

A

Peau d’orange

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15
Q

Dimple or pucker on the skin

A

Retraction

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16
Q

Atrophic pink, purple, or white linear streaks on the breasts, associated with pregnancy, excessive weight gain, or rapid growth during adolescence

A

Striae

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17
Q

Minute extra nipple along the embryonic milk line, in males and females

A

Supernumerary nipple

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18
Q

Extension of breast tissue into the axilla

A

Tail of Spence

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19
Q

These are present in both males and females, but in males they are rudimentary/undeveloped throughout life

A

Breast/mammary glands

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20
Q

Accessory reproductive organs whose function is to produce milk for nourishing newborns

A

Female breasts

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21
Q

Most of the breasts lymphatic drainage (75%) drains into..

A

the axillary nodes

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22
Q

Most cancerous breast tumors are found in the …

A

Axillary tail of spence

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23
Q

Breast are composed of what 3 tissues

A

Adipose (fat)
Fibrous (suspensory to hold breast up)
Glandular (15-20 lobes embedded)

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24
Q

What are the 4 groups of axillary nodes

A

Lateral
Pectoral
Superaclavicular
Subscapular

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25
Q

Another word for tissues or muscles wasting away

A

Atrophy

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26
Q

After menopause, ovarian secretions of estrogen and progesterone decrease causing breast glandular tissue to..

A

Atrophy (waste away)

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27
Q

Why are breast lumps easier to palpate after menopause

A

Because the tissue atrophies/wastes away

-really any inner breast structures are going to be more prominent or easier to palpate since the tissue atrophies

28
Q

While African American women have a lower breast cancer rate, they have a higher…

A

death rate

29
Q

You should always refer a lump to a..

A

Physician or nurse practitioner

30
Q

Its normal to have pain in the breast right before..

A

a period

31
Q

What should the examiner ask about pain

A 
When it first started
If its localized or all over
Painful to touch?
Pulling sensation?
Any relation to your menstrual cycle? once a month?
Is it brought on by strenuous activity
32
Q

Why are under-wire bras not a good idea to wear

A

they don’t allow for good lymphatic drainage

33
Q

What should the examiner ask about lumps

A 
Where is it
Is it painful
Is it thickening or changing
Any relation to your menstrual cycle?
Changes on the overlying skin
34
Q

What should the examiner ask about discharge

A

Is it thick or runny
Color
Odor

35
Q

What should the examiner ask about a rash

A

When did you notice it

Is it on nipple, areola, or surrounding skin

36
Q

What should the examiner ask about swelling

A

Is it in one spot or all over
Is it related to menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or breastfeeding
Any change in bra size
*Hormones usually mean swelling

37
Q

What should the examiner ask about trauma

A

Any trauma or injury to breast

Did it result in swelling, lumps, or breaks in skin

38
Q

What should the examiner ask about a history of breast disease

A 
Was it cancerous or benign
What type of cancer
When did it occur
How is it being treated
Any family history
--what age was the family member
39
Q

What should the examiner ask about breast surgeries

A 
Was it a biopsy
What were results
Mastectomy
Mammoplasty (reconstruction)
Reduction
Implants
Augmentation (increase breast size)
Mammograms
Xrays
--when was last xray
40
Q

What should the examiner ask about the axillary region

A

Any rashes, tenderness, lumps, or swelling

41
Q

How should you prepare for a breast examination

A

Have the patient sitting up, facing examiner, eye level
During palpation, she is supine, make sure to keep breast you’re not looking at covered
Teach about self breast exams

42
Q

What equipment do you need for a self breast exam

A

Ruler with cm to measure lumps
Small pillow
Pamphlet for teaching about BSE

43
Q

What should the general appearance of the breast look like

A

Symmetry
Smooth even color
–note redness, bulging or dimpling

44
Q

A fine blue vascular network may be visible during..

A

Pregnancy

45
Q

What is fixed inversion

A

When the nipple is inverted and you cant get it to come out — this is abnormal

46
Q

What should the appearance of the nipple look like

A

Should be protruding
–if its flat or inverted can usually pull it out
Note dry scaling, fissures, ulcerations, or bleeding

47
Q

What maneuvers should you use to screen for retraction of the breast

A

Lift arms slowly above head – breasts should move together

Put hands on hips, palms on hips, and push – both breasts should slightly lift up

48
Q

How should you inspect and palpate the axilla area

A

Lift woman’s arm and support it
Use right hand to palpate left axilla
Move fingers down axilla in 4 directions

49
Q

How should you palpate the breast

A

Lay her in supine position
Lift arm of the breast you arm examining over her head
Use first 3 fingers to make a circular motion while palpating — vertical strip pattern recommended

50
Q

Breast tissue gets softer and looser after..

A

Pregnancy

51
Q

What should you do for nipple discharge

A

Press on the areolar area from different directions and note the color and consistency

52
Q

Why should you examine the unaffected breast first

A

To get a baseline feel of what the breast should feel like

53
Q

If you do feel a lump, you should assure the pt that most lumps are not..

A

cancerous

54
Q

What characteristics should you note on the lump during the examination

A 
Location (like a clock)
Size (cm)
Consistency
Shape
Movable
Distinctness
Skin over lump
Tenderness
55
Q

Term for when regional lymph nodes are palpable

A

Lypmhadenopathy

56
Q

What should you teach about BSEs

A

Do monthly

Right after menstrual period

57
Q

You should check the male breast when you…

A

examine chest, thorax, heart, and lungs

58
Q

Flat disk of underdeveloped breast tissue beneath the nipple

A

Normal male breast

59
Q

What is the menopausal age..

A

45-50+

60
Q

Points inward instead of outward and doesn’t come out with stimulation

A

Nipple retraction

61
Q

Dimpling is always considered..

A

abnormal

62
Q

Multiple lumps in both breasts usually due to hormonal changes in the body, its bilateral (formerly fibrocystic breast disease)

A

Benign breast disease

63
Q

Usually just in one side, not usually painful until later stages, hard, dense, and fixed, wont move when you feel it, it has irregular borders, most common sight is upper outer quadrant

A

Cancer

64
Q

Sticky purulent abnormal nipple discharge that is caused by an infection of the ducts

A

Mammary duct ectasia

65
Q

A bloody abnormal nipple discharge

A

Carcinoma

Assessment (11 decks)

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