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Assessment > Exam 4: Breast and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Exam 4: Breast and Lymphatics Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Smallest structures of mammary gland

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

Darkened area surrounding nipple

A

Areola

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3
Q

Thin, yellow fluid, precursor of milk, secreted for a few days after birth

A

Colostrum

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4
Q

Suspensory ligaments; fibrous brands extending from the inner breast surface to the chest wall muscles

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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5
Q

Benign breast mass, non tender, moveable, diagnosed with biopsy to assure its not cancer

A

Fibroadenoma

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6
Q

Excessive breast development in the male

A

Gynecomastia

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7
Q

Serosanguineous nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma

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8
Q

Nipples that are depressed or invaginated

A

Inverted

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9
Q

Conveying milk

A

Lactiferous

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10
Q

Pain in the breast

A

Mastalgia

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11
Q

Inflammation of the breast

A

Mastitis

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12
Q

Sebaceous glands in the areola, screte protective lipid during lactation also called tubercles of Montgomery

A

Montgomery’s glands

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13
Q

Intraductal carcinoma in the breast, clear, yellow discharge, halo red circle around it: cancer

A

Paget’s disease

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14
Q

Orange-peel appearance of breast due to edema

A

Peau d’orange

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15
Q

Dimple or pucker on the skin

A

Retraction

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16
Q

Atrophic pink, purple, or white linear streaks on the breasts, associated with pregnancy, excessive weight gain, or rapid growth during adolescence

A

Striae

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17
Q

Minute extra nipple along the embryonic milk line, in males and females

A

Supernumerary nipple

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18
Q

Extension of breast tissue into the axilla

A

Tail of Spence

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19
Q

These are present in both males and females, but in males they are rudimentary/undeveloped throughout life

A

Breast/mammary glands

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20
Q

Accessory reproductive organs whose function is to produce milk for nourishing newborns

A

Female breasts

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21
Q

Most of the breasts lymphatic drainage (75%) drains into..

A

the axillary nodes

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22
Q

Most cancerous breast tumors are found in the …

A

Axillary tail of spence

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23
Q

Breast are composed of what 3 tissues

A

Adipose (fat)
Fibrous (suspensory to hold breast up)
Glandular (15-20 lobes embedded)

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24
Q

What are the 4 groups of axillary nodes

A

Lateral
Pectoral
Superaclavicular
Subscapular

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25
Another word for tissues or muscles wasting away
Atrophy
26
After menopause, ovarian secretions of estrogen and progesterone decrease causing breast glandular tissue to..
Atrophy (waste away)
27
Why are breast lumps easier to palpate after menopause
Because the tissue atrophies/wastes away | -really any inner breast structures are going to be more prominent or easier to palpate since the tissue atrophies
28
While African American women have a lower breast cancer rate, they have a higher...
death rate
29
You should always refer a lump to a..
Physician or nurse practitioner
30
Its normal to have pain in the breast right before..
a period
31
What should the examiner ask about pain
``` When it first started If its localized or all over Painful to touch? Pulling sensation? Any relation to your menstrual cycle? once a month? Is it brought on by strenuous activity ```
32
Why are under-wire bras not a good idea to wear
they don't allow for good lymphatic drainage
33
What should the examiner ask about lumps
``` Where is it Is it painful Is it thickening or changing Any relation to your menstrual cycle? Changes on the overlying skin ```
34
What should the examiner ask about discharge
Is it thick or runny Color Odor
35
What should the examiner ask about a rash
When did you notice it | Is it on nipple, areola, or surrounding skin
36
What should the examiner ask about swelling
Is it in one spot or all over Is it related to menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or breastfeeding Any change in bra size *Hormones usually mean swelling
37
What should the examiner ask about trauma
Any trauma or injury to breast | Did it result in swelling, lumps, or breaks in skin
38
What should the examiner ask about a history of breast disease
``` Was it cancerous or benign What type of cancer When did it occur How is it being treated Any family history --what age was the family member ```
39
What should the examiner ask about breast surgeries
``` Was it a biopsy What were results Mastectomy Mammoplasty (reconstruction) Reduction Implants Augmentation (increase breast size) Mammograms Xrays --when was last xray ```
40
What should the examiner ask about the axillary region
Any rashes, tenderness, lumps, or swelling
41
How should you prepare for a breast examination
Have the patient sitting up, facing examiner, eye level During palpation, she is supine, make sure to keep breast you're not looking at covered Teach about self breast exams
42
What equipment do you need for a self breast exam
Ruler with cm to measure lumps Small pillow Pamphlet for teaching about BSE
43
What should the general appearance of the breast look like
Symmetry Smooth even color --note redness, bulging or dimpling
44
A fine blue vascular network may be visible during..
Pregnancy
45
What is fixed inversion
When the nipple is inverted and you cant get it to come out --- this is abnormal
46
What should the appearance of the nipple look like
Should be protruding --if its flat or inverted can usually pull it out Note dry scaling, fissures, ulcerations, or bleeding
47
What maneuvers should you use to screen for retraction of the breast
Lift arms slowly above head -- breasts should move together | Put hands on hips, palms on hips, and push -- both breasts should slightly lift up
48
How should you inspect and palpate the axilla area
Lift woman's arm and support it Use right hand to palpate left axilla Move fingers down axilla in 4 directions
49
How should you palpate the breast
Lay her in supine position Lift arm of the breast you arm examining over her head Use first 3 fingers to make a circular motion while palpating --- vertical strip pattern recommended
50
Breast tissue gets softer and looser after..
Pregnancy
51
What should you do for nipple discharge
Press on the areolar area from different directions and note the color and consistency
52
Why should you examine the unaffected breast first
To get a baseline feel of what the breast should feel like
53
If you do feel a lump, you should assure the pt that most lumps are not..
cancerous
54
What characteristics should you note on the lump during the examination
``` Location (like a clock) Size (cm) Consistency Shape Movable Distinctness Skin over lump Tenderness ```
55
Term for when regional lymph nodes are palpable
Lypmhadenopathy
56
What should you teach about BSEs
Do monthly | Right after menstrual period
57
You should check the male breast when you...
examine chest, thorax, heart, and lungs
58
Flat disk of underdeveloped breast tissue beneath the nipple
Normal male breast
59
What is the menopausal age..
45-50+
60
Points inward instead of outward and doesn't come out with stimulation
Nipple retraction
61
Dimpling is always considered..
abnormal
62
Multiple lumps in both breasts usually due to hormonal changes in the body, its bilateral (formerly fibrocystic breast disease)
Benign breast disease
63
Usually just in one side, not usually painful until later stages, hard, dense, and fixed, wont move when you feel it, it has irregular borders, most common sight is upper outer quadrant
Cancer
64
Sticky purulent abnormal nipple discharge that is caused by an infection of the ducts
Mammary duct ectasia
65
A bloody abnormal nipple discharge
Carcinoma

Assessment (11 decks)

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