Ch 23 Neurologic System Flashcards by Hannah Boaz

Loss of ability to recognize importance of sensory impressions

Agnosia

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Loss of ability to express thoughts in writing

Agraphia

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Loss of memory

Amnesia

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Loss of pain sensation

Analgesia

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Loss of power of expression by speech, writing, or signs or loss of comprehension of spoken or written language

Aphasia

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Loss of ability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of sensory or motor damage (inability to use objects correctly

Apraxia

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Inability to perform coordinated movements

Ataxia

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Bizarre, slow, twisting, writing movement, resembling a snake or worm

Athetosis

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Sudden, rapid, jerky purposeless movements involving limbs, trunk, or face

Chorea

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Rapid alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle in response to sudden stretch
Occurs with hyper-reflexia, hyper contraction of the muscle, more exaggerated response, kicks leg way up in the air

Clonus

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State of profound unconsciousness from which person cannot be aroused

Coma

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Imperfect articulation of speech due to problems of muscular control resulting from central of peripheral nervous system damage

Dysarthria

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Impairment in speech consisting of lack of coordination and inability to arrange words in their proper order

Dysphasia

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Disappearance of conditioned response

touch both sides of the body at the same time, can patient tell how many sensations were felt and where it was

Extinction

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Rapid continuous twitching of resting muscle without movement of limb

Fasciculation

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Loss of muscle tone, limp

Unable to do foot pushes or hand grips

Flaccidity

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Ability to read a number by having it drawn on the skin

Graphesthesia

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Loss of motor power (paralysis) on one side of the body, usually caused by a stroke, paralysis occurs on the side opposite the lesion

Hemiplegia

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Motor neuron in the peripheral nervous system with its nerve fiber extending out to the muscle and only its cell body in the central nervous system

Lower motor neuron

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Rapid sudden jerk of a muscle

Myoclonus

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Stiffness in cervical neck area

Nuchal rigidity

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Back and forth oscillation of the eyes

Nystagmus

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Prolonged arching of back, with head and heels bent backward, and meningeal irritation

Opisthotonos

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Decreased or loss of motor function due to problem with motor nerve or muscle fibers
NEUROLESIONS

Paralysis

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Impairment or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the lower half of the body

Paraplegia

Abnormal sensation: burning, numbness, tingling, prickling, crawling skin sensation

Paresthesia

Ability of the person to discriminate exactly where on the body the skin has been touched

Point localization

Sensory information concerning body movements and position of the body in space

Proprioception

Continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle due to abnormally increased tension, with increased deep tendon reflexes INCREASE IN MUSCLE TONE

Spasticity

Ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes, and weights, while eyes are closed

Stereognosis

Repetitive twitching of a muscle group at inappropriate times (wink, grimace)

Tic

Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups resulting in rhythmic movement of one or more joints

Tremor

Ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous pinpricks on the skin

2 point discrimination

Nerve located entirely within the central nervous system

Upper motor neuron

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the..

Brain and spinal cord

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made up of..

12 cranial nerves 31 spinal nerves and their branches Carries messages back and forth from CNS

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the frontal lobe responsible for

Personality Behavior Emotions Talking/thoughts

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the parietal lobe responsible for

Sensations

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the occipital lobe responsible for

Visual reception (seeing)

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the temporal lobe responsible for

Hearing Taste Smell

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the Wernicke's area for

Language comprehension

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the Broca's area for

Motor speech

The hypothalamus is part of the central nervous system, what is it responsible for

Temperature Sleep cycles Gland control Controls HR and B/P

The cerebellum is part of the central nervous system, what is it responsible for

Equilibrium/balance Muscle tone Coordination Movements

The brain stem is part of the central nervous system, what is it responsible for

Respiratory Heart rate Blood pressure

The spinal cord is part of the CNS and responsible for

Posture control Urination Pain response

Defense mechanism to protect the body

Reflex arc

Pulling your hand off a hot stove is what type of reflex

Deep

Closing your eye when something touches it is what type of reflex

Superficial

PERRLA reflexes are what type of reflex

Visceral

Abnormal reflexes such as stroke or babinski is what type of reflex

Pathologic

What subjective data should you collect with the neurologic system

``` Headaches Head injuries (Strokes and mini strokes/TIA) Dizziness/vertigo Seizure and ora (feeling) before a seizure Tremors Weakness/paralysis Numbness or tingling Past history Environment/occupational hazards ```

Partial or incomplete paralysis

Paresis

Aging adults will have issues with..

Mobility or dizziness

What objective data/physical exam should you find

``` LOC A&O times 3 Hand grips Foot pushes Identify new problems ```

Corticospinal/pyramidal tract is responsible for

skilled and purposeful movements

Extrapyramidal tract is responsible for

muscle tone and controlling movements made by the pyramidal tract

Test for muscle..

Strength and tone bilaterally

Cerebellar movements are most concerned with balance, what are the ways to test balance

Tandem walking: walking with one foot in front of the other Romberg test: have them stand with their eyes closed and test for swaying Shallow knee bend or hop in place

Cerebellar is also concerned with coordination and movements, what are ways to test this

Rapid alternating movements: flipping hands back and forth on lap/knees Finger to finger: pt touches your finger then their own nose Finger to nose: pt closes eyes, puts both hands out, then alternates touching their own nose Heel to shin: pt in supine position, runs their heel along their shin in a straight line

How do you test the intact peripheral nerve fibers along the spinothalamic tract

- Test for pain by poking with a dull and sharp end - Test temperature with something warm and cold - Test light touch with a cotton ball - Test vibration with a tuning fork - Kinesthesia: move their body parts and see if they can tell where they are pointing - Tactile discrimination * Some organs are absent from the brain map so use referred pain which is pt's liver might hurt but it feels like shoulder pain

How do you test tactile discrimination (things you can feel or sense on the skin)

``` Stereognosia Graphesthesia 2 point discrimination Extinction Point localization ```

How do you rate deep tendon reflexes

``` 0, no response, flaccid 1+, diminished 2+, normal 3+, brisker than normal 4+, very brisk/hyperactive ```

What are the areas of assessment on the Glasgow Coma Scale

(E) Eye opening when you walk in, rate 1-4 (V) Verbal response with normal conversation, rate 1-5 (M) Motor response with following commands, rate 1-6 *Coma is a score of 7 or less

What should you look for in an aging adult

Decreased muscle tone, muscle weakness Occasional tremors, fine handshakes, and tongue protrusions Dyskinesia: abnormality/impairment of movements, protrude the jaw, open/close the jaw Gait slower Hard to perform rapid alternating movements Deep tendon reflexes sluggish

For the achilles reflex you hit..

back of the ankle

For the quad reflex you hit..

the front of the knee

For the brachioradialis reflex you hit..

the radius while holding the thumb

For the triceps reflex you hit..

the back of the elbow

For the biceps reflex you hit..

your them on their inner elbow

What are you looking for when you test the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves

Drooping Strabismus (deviated gaze) Nystagmus

What are you looking for when you test the trigeminal nerve

Mastication and sensing light touch on the skin and cornea

What are you looking for when you test the facial nerve

Facial expressions and taste

What are you looking for when you test the spinal accessory nerve

Sternomastoid and trapezius muscle strength

What are you looking for when you test the hypoglossal nerve

A still tongue and clear speech

Ch 23 Neurologic System Flashcards

(75 cards)