Ch 22 Flashcards
(7 cards)
Ayatollah ruholla
A high-ranking shia cleric who lead a movement in iran aimed at removing the shah.
Mustafa kemel ataturk
He was a general who helped protect the remains of the Ottoman Empire, and emerged as the new leader for turkey. He aimed to modernize, secularize, and turn turkey into an national state. He believed in European enlightenment as the way of the future for the Turkish people
Global reemergence of democracy
A boom of democracy worldwide that started in the 1980s. Most of the world shifted towards democracy because it was seen as a vehicle for social protest, and a universally accepted ideology.
Black consciousness / soweto
The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a grassroots anti-Apartheid activist movement that emerged in South Africa in the mid-1960s out of the political vacuum created by the jailing and banning of the African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress leadership after the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960.[1] The BCM represented a social movement for political consciousness
There was an uprising when black students would dissatisfied with being forced to learn after cans in school. Hundreds of people with killed.
They attacked white values. Then origins were deeply rooted in Christianity
Nelson mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born 18 July 1918) is a South African politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first ever to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before being elected President, Mandela was a militant anti-apartheid activist, and the leader and co-founder of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Mandela went on to serve 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations that led to the establishment of democracy in 1994. As President, he frequently gave priority to reconciliation, while introducing policies aimed at combating poverty and inequality in South Africa.
In South Africa, Mandela is often known as Madiba, his Xhosa clan name; or as tata (Xhosa: father). Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades.
I hope this help.(:
Mohammed ali jinnah
Jinnah was the creator of West and East Pakistan. Both were part of British India. Jinnah was one of the top mohammedans working with Gandhi to gain independence. The only problem was that he was mohammedan and did not want to live in a Hindu (= not mohammedan controlled) country.
Gandhi did what he could to keep the country united. He even offered Jinnah to become the first president, and allowed him to form his own cabinet. But that was not enough for Jinnah. So he struck a secret private deal with the British, in which they allowed areas with a mohammedaan majority to become independently independent. Most mohammedans lived in the West (today Pakistan) and the East (today Bangladesh).
This caused a massive transferal of people in and out those areas, with near genocidal casualties and a religious war. About 2 million were killed.
Abdul ghaffar khan
was an independence activist of Pashtun descent. He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition to the British Raj in British India, and a lifelong pacifist and devout Muslim.[1] A close friend of Mahatma Gandhi, Bacha Khan has been called the “Frontier Gandhi” by the Indians. In 1910, Bacha Khan opened a mosque school at his hometown Utmanzai, and in 1911 joined the freedom movement of Haji Sahib of Turangzai. However in 1915, the British authorities banned his mosque school.[2] Having witnessed the repeated failure of revolts against the British Raj, Bacha Khan decided that social activism and reform would be more beneficial for the Pashtuns. This led to the formation of Anjuman-e Islāh al-Afghān (“Afghan Reform Society”) in 1921, and the youth movement Pax̌tūn Jirga (“Pashtun Assembly”) in 1927. After Bacha Khan’s return from the Hajj in May 1928, he founded the Pashto language monthly
