CH 26 HW & QUIZ

Question 1

Leptin is produced by?

Answer 1

Adipocytes

Question 2

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

Ghrelin is secreted by the?

Answer 3

Stomach

Question 4

Describe the electron transport chain

Answer 4

A series of oxidation reduction reactions occurring across the inner membrane of the mitochondria leading to the production of ATP

Question 5

List the macronutrients

Answer 5

Lipids, proteins, water, and carbohydrates

Question 6

Major function of carbohydrates in the body

Answer 6

Cellular fuel

Question 7

3 principle forms of dietary carbohydrates

Answer 7

Monosaccharides , disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 8

Examples of non shivering thermogenesis

Answer 8

Sympathetic mediated increase in metabolic rate (as much as 30% in the winter) , increased appetite, and break down of brown fat in infants

Question 9

Examples of dietary fiber

Answer 9

Plant cellulose and pectin

Question 10

What class of macronutrients provide the most energy per gram?

Answer 10

Fat (lipid)

Question 11

Cholesterol is precursor for what substances?

Answer 11

Testosterone, Estrogen (steroid hormones in general) , Vitamin D, and Bile acids

Question 12

The predominate type of fat in nuts, seeds, and most vegetable oils, based on the double bonds found in the carbon chains of the fatty acids

Answer 12

unsaturated fat

Question 13

Roles of the protein and phospholipid coating of lipoproteins

Answer 13

Enables lipid droplets to remain suspended in the blood and forms a recognition marker for cells

Question 14

The 4 types of lipoproteins

Answer 14

HDLs, VLDLs, LDLs, and Chylomicrons

Question 15

Examples of important proteins in the body

Answer 15

Keratin, hemoglobin, enzymes

Question 16

An inorganic nutrient that plants extract from soil or water and introduce into the food web

Answer 16

Minerals

Question 17

Glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, and aerobic respiration are the three major pathways for the catabolism (breakdown) of ?

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

the process of glycolysis results in a net gain of how many molecules of ATP?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Cholesterol is a major structural component of?

Answer 19

Plasma membranes

Question 20

A cyclic series of reactions that results in the complete breakdown of nutrient molecules into CO2, NADH, FADH2, water, and ATP

Answer 20

The Krebs or Citric Acid Cycle

Question 21

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Answer 21

Oxygen

Question 22

Macronutrient that constitutes about 12 to 15 percent of the body’s mass

Answer 22

Protein

Question 23

The absorptive state occurs?

Answer 23

For several hours during and after a meal

Question 24

A hormone that functions to increase cellular absorption of glucose, stimulate glycogenesis, and inhibit glucneogenesis in response to an elevated blood glucose level

Answer 24

Insulin

Question 25

The state when the stomach and small intestine are empty and the body’s energy needs are met from stored fuels

Answer 25

Postabsorptive state

Question 26

A person’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) is their metabolic rate during which 3 situations?

Answer 26

In a post absorptive state 12 to 14 hours after the last meal, at a comfortable temperature, and relaxed

Question 27

3 things that will result in a higher metabolic rate

Answer 27

Pregnancy, thyroid hormone release, and anxiety or fear

Question 28

An excessively high body temp

Answer 28

Hyperthermia

Question 29

3 things that produce body heat

Answer 29

Muscle contraction , nutrient oxidation, ATP use

Question 30

part of the brain that controls body temp by initiating heat-conserving or heat-loss mechanisms

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

T or F : Saturated fats are exclusively of animal origin

Answer 31

False! They predominately are animal origin but are found in some plant products like coconut and palm oil

Question 32

How do minerals differ from vitamins?

Answer 32

Minerals are inorganic elements, vitamins are organic compounds

Question 33

Effects of insulin

Answer 33

Increases cellular uptake of glucose, stimulates glucose oxidation, glycogenesis, and lipogenesis, and inhibit is gluconeogenesis