CH 28 HW

Question 1

The uterine tubes are also called?

Answer 1

Oviducts or fallopian tubes

Question 2

Broad superior curvature; the “top” of the uterus

Answer 2

Fundus

Question 3

Main body of the uterus

Answer 3

Corpus

Question 4

Cylindrical inferior end of the uterus

Answer 4

Cervix

Question 5

Uterine wall layers from superficial to deep

Answer 5

Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

Question 6

The tube that allows discharge of menstrual fluid, receipt of the penis and semen, and birth of a baby

Answer 6

The vagina

Question 7

Why is the vaginal environment acidic?

Answer 7

To inhibit the growth of pathogens

Question 8

The ____ is the large muscular organ that opens into the roof of the vagina

Answer 8

Uterus

Question 9

The glands that are active in the breasts of lactating women, then atrophy when a woman ceases to nurse

Answer 9

Mammary glands

Question 10

The series of physiological and anatomical changes that indicate the onset of a females reproductive life

Answer 10

Puberty

Question 11

What is thelarche?

Answer 11

The onset of breast development and the first noticeable sign of puberty in females

Question 12

A blind pouch at the superior end of the vagina that extends beyond the cervix

Answer 12

The fornix

Question 13

What is normal vaginal pH?

Answer 13

Acidic at a pH of 3.5-4.0

Question 14

The term that refers to the first menstrual period

Answer 14

Menarche

Question 15

The term for the first appearance of pubic and axillary hair, sebaceous glands, and axillary glands

Answer 15

Pubarche

Question 16

What is the mound of glandular and adipose tissue overlying the pectoralis major muscle ?

Answer 16

The breast

Question 17

The cessation of mestruation that occurs at midlife

Answer 17

Menopause

Question 18

Rising levels of the hormone GnRH triggers the onset of ____, the transition that begins female reproductive life

Answer 18

Puberty

Question 19

The production of the female haploid gamete is called?

Answer 19

Oogenesis

Question 20

Eggs are or are not usually released in a girls first few menstrual cycles?

Answer 20

Are not

Question 21

What will be formed only if the secondary oocyte is fertilized?

Answer 21

A second polar body

Question 22

As an egg undergoes oogenesis, the single layer of squamous cells that surround the egg undergoes ?

Answer 22

Folliculogenesis

Question 23

What term refers specifically to the series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus?

Answer 23

The menstrual cycle

Question 24

What phases of the menstrual cycle occur during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 24

The proliferative and menstrual phases

Question 25

Estradiol serves what function during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 25

It stimulates the dominant follicle to upregulate its receptors

Question 26

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, estradiol is secreted by the _______ cells of the natural follicles

Answer 26

Granulosa

Question 27

The term for the small, no viable daughter cell that results from meiosis I

Answer 27

First polar body

Question 28

The phase of the ovarian cycle that extends from ovulation to the start of menstruation is the?

Answer 28

Luteal phase

Question 29

The phases of the menstrual cycle that occur during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Answer 29

The secretory phase and the premenstrual phase

Question 30

What is the progesterone-secreting structure that develops from the follicle following ovulation?

Answer 30

The Corpus Luteum

Question 31

2 effects of estradiol during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

Answer 31

Inhibition of GnRH release and upregulation of FSH, LH, and estradiol receptors in dominant follicle

Question 32

What structure secretes estradiol , progesterone, and inhibin?

Answer 32

The Corpus Luteum

Question 33

Ovulation occurs when increased release of estrogen from a maturing follicle triggers a spike in what hormone?

Answer 33

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 34

All the phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 34

Proliferative, secretory, premenstrual, menstrual phases

Question 35

During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, a ten-fold increase in what hormone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus fro a possible pregnancy?

Answer 35

Progesterone

Question 36

What hormone stimulates fluid accumulation within the stratum functionalis during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 36

Progesterone

Question 37

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 37

The functional layer of the endometrium is rebuilt

Question 38

What occurs during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 38

The endometrium thickens as a result of fluid accumulation

Question 39

What hormone stimulates mitosis of the stratum basal is in order to rebuild the stratum functionalis?

Answer 39

Estrogen

Question 40

Term for the duration of pregnancy

Answer 40

Gestation

Question 41

The ____ phase of the menstrual cycle involves the rebuilding of the strum functionalis of the endometrium via mitosis

Answer 41

Proliferative

Question 42

What term refers to the developing individual from the ninth week after conception until birth?

Answer 42

The Fetus

Question 43

During which phase of the menstrual cycle is the endometrium grow thicker as a result of secretion and fluid accumulation

Answer 43

The secretory phase

Question 44

Term for a developing human from day 16 to week 8 of prenatal development

Answer 44

Embryo

Question 45

The ____ provides nutrients for the fetus, disposes of fetal waste, and secretes hormones

Answer 45

Placenta

Question 46

The connection between the fetus and the placenta is called?

Answer 46

The umbilical cord

Question 47

What hormone is secreted by the blastocysts and placenta during pregnancy to stimulate the growth of the corpus luteum?

Answer 47

Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCG), it stimulates the growth of the corpus luteum and the corpus luteum produces progesterone which helps maintain the pregnancy

Question 48

During pregnancy, estrogen is secreted by what 2 structures?

Answer 48

The corpus luteum and the placenta. Corpus luteum til about week 12 and then the placenta after that

Question 49

Function of estrogens during pregnancy

Answer 49

Stimulates tissue growth in fetus and mother , stimulates mammary duct growth and increase in breast size, and makes pelvic joints more elastic

Question 50

During pregnancy, what hormone suppresses uterine contractions, prevents menstruation, and stimulates development of mammary gland acini?

Answer 50

Progesterone

Question 51

What is parturition?

Answer 51

The process of childbirth

Question 52

What are the 2 ways oxytocin (OT) promotes labor?

Answer 52

OT stimulates fetal membranes to secrete prostaglandins which are synergists with OT , and OT directly stimulates the myometrium to contract

Question 53

According to the positive feedback theory of labor, labor contractions are stimulated by pressure on what structure?

Answer 53

The cervix

Question 54

The synthesis and ejection of milk from the mammary glands

Answer 54

Lactation

Question 55

Functions of progesterone during pregnancy

Answer 55

Suppresses uterine contractions, stimulates development of mammary acini, prevents menstruation

Question 56

How is colostrum different from breast milk?

Answer 56

It has similar protein and lactose levels to breast milk but has 1/3 less fat

Question 57

What hormone from the hypothalamus inhibits prolactin in the non-pregnant state?

Answer 57

Dopamine

Question 58

What pituitary hormone promotes milk production?

Answer 58

Prolactin