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ANATOMY 240 🧬 > CH 26: The Urinary System > Flashcards

CH 26: The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A

It is a filtering system that:
1.Regulates plasma ion concentration
2.Regulate blood volume and blood pressure
3.Helps to stabilize blood pH
4.Prevent the loss of valuable nutrients
5.Prevent dehydration (fluid balance)

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2
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

What are the three layers of connective tissue that serve to protect the kidneys?

A

1.Fibrous capsule— dense irregular connective tissue
(Directly around the kidney to protect)

2.Perinephric fat— adipose tissue

3.Renal fascia— loose connective tissue

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4
Q

Sectional View : Frontal view

Where do renal arteries enter the kidney?

Where do renal veins and ureters exit the kidney?

A

The Hilum

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5
Q

Sectional Anatomy: Frontal or Coronal Cut

This sectional anatomy consist of ?

A

1.Renal cortex

2.Renal medulla
— Renal pyramids
— Renal Papillae
— Renal columns

3.Renal pelvis
— minor calyx
— major calyx

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6
Q

What is the blood supply to the kidneys?

A

Renal artery➡️ Segmental artery ➡️ Arcuate arteries ➡️ Cortical radiate arteries➡️ Afferent arterioles➡️ Glomerular capillaries

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7
Q

Waste (glomerular filtrate) material leaves the glomerular capillaries and enters

A

Glomerular capsule ➡️ proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)➡️nephron loop
➡️distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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8
Q

What are the two main types of nephrons?

A

1.Cortical nephrons (85% of the nephrons)
Has a short nephron loop (loop of Henle)

2.Juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)
Has a long nephron loop
(Produces dark urine)

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9
Q

What does the Renal Corpuscle consist of?

A

Glomerular capsule
Glomerulus

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10
Q

What are podocytes?

A

Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that cover the outer surfaces of glomerular capillaries.

Podocytes have long cellular extensions that wrap around the basal lamina

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11
Q

What are filtration slits?

A

The spaces between the pedicels on the glomerular basement membrane through which water, glucose, amino acids, and other chemicals pass as they become renal filtrate.

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12
Q

What are the two hormones produced by the juxtaglomerular?

A

1.Renin - regulates blood pressure

2.Erythropoietin -involved in erythrocyte production

Juxta— “right next to”

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13
Q

What does the collecting duct do?

A

It drains the urine away and makes final adjustments to urine volume

“ this is where the antidiuretic hormone works“

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14
Q

Know the Ureteral opening and Trigone on the Anatomy of the urinary bladder

A
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15
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the ureter?

A

Transitional epithelium

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16
Q

What are the three layers of the ureter?

A

Inner mucosa-

Middle muscular layer- smooth muscle

Adventitia -dense irregular connective tissue

17
Q

Where is the base of the urinary bladder for Males?

A

Between the rectum and the pubic symphysis

18
Q

Where is the base of the urinary bladder for Females?

A

Inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina

19
Q

What is the muscular layer of the urinary bladder called and what does it do?

A

Detrusor muscle

It squeezes and contract when we are ready to urinate

20
Q

What is the smooth muscle at the exit of the urinary bladder and entrance to the urethra?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

— when we feel the urgency to pee it’s this sphincter opening under the pressure of the bladder being full
(Involuntary control)

21
Q

What is the length of the female urethra?

A

3 to 5 cm

22
Q

What is the length of the male urethra?

A

18 to 20 cm

23
Q

What is the Urethra?

A

A tube located at the bottom of the bladder that allows urine to exit the body during urination.

24
Q

What is the external opening of the urethra for females?

A

External urethral orifice— it is near the interior wall of the vagina

25
Q

What is the three subdivision of the urethra for males?

A

Prostatic urethra - comes out of a gland and goes to the prostate

Membranous urethra - goes out of the pelvis

Spongy urethra - goes out and through the penis

26
Q

What is the skeletal muscle that is voluntary and permits us to relax and allow urine to pass?

A

External urethral sphincter

27
Q

Why are females prone to bladder infections than males?

A

This is because the urethra is very short

28
Q

What is Micturition?

A

The process of urination

29
Q

How many ML has the bladder filled up when we first get the urge to urinate?

A

200 ML

30
Q

How many ML of urine still remains in the bladder after “complete void”?

A

10 ML

ANATOMY 240 🧬 (13 decks)

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