Chapter 1: An introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

It is the study of external and internal structures

Observation of the human body

Question 2

Structure = what?

Answer 2

Function

Question 3

What is physiology?

Answer 3

The study of how the body functions

Question 4

Microscopic Anatomy

What is?

1. Cytology =
2. Histology =

Answer 4

1. Study of cells

2. Study of tissue

Question 5

Macroscopic Anatomy

What is?

1. Surface anatomy
2. Regional anatomy
3. Systemic anatomy

Answer 5

1. The superficial anatomical markings
2. Refers to structures in a specific area of the body (head, neck or trunk)
   Whether they are deep or superficial
3. The study of the organ systems of the body(digestive system, cardiovascular system)

Question 6

What are the levels of organization from simple to complex?

Answer 6

Cell- smallest living unit in the body
Tissue- many cells and surrounding material(such as epithelial,muscular,neural, and connective tissue)
Organ- combination of tissues(example: the heart consists of all the above mentioned tissues)
Organ system- combination of various organs make up a specific system (for example: the stomach,small and large intestine,liver, gallbladder and pancreas make up the digestive system

Question 7

How many organ systems do humans have?

Answer 7

11

Question 8

What are these

1. Poly
2. Fossa
3. Osteo
4. Chondro
5. Derma

Answer 8

1. Many
2. Depression or hollow(cavity)
3. Bone
4. Cartilage
5. Skin

Question 9

Anatomical Landmarks

1. What is the anatomical position?
2. What is Supine?
3. What is Prone?

Answer 9

1. Standing with the feet flat on the floor
   The hands are at the side
   The palms are facing forward
2. Lying down (Face up) in the anatomical position
3. Lying down (face down) in the anatomical position

Question 10

Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Name one organ within each quadrant
Right Upper Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant 
Left Upper Quadrant
Left Lower Quadrant

Answer 10

RUQ- Gallbladder
RLQ-Appendix
LUQ-Stomach
LLQ-Intestines

Question 11

Anatomical Directions
Superior            Inferior
Anterior             Posterior
Medial               Lateral
Deep                  Superficial
Proximal           Distal


Answer 11

Superior- above Inferior- below
Anterior - front Posterior– back
Medial -toward midline of body(inward)
Lateral- away from the midline of body(outward)
Deep – toward the interior of the body
Superficial – close to the body surface
Proximal – toward an attached based based (The shoulder is proximal to the wrist )
Distal – away from an attached base (The fingers are distal to the wrist)


Question 12

Sectional Anatomy
Planes and section
1.Sagittal cut (Mid sagittal and parasagittal)
2.Transverse cut
3.Frontal cut
4.Oblique cut

Answer 12

1. Sagittal cut –Separating left and right
   Mid sagittal – separating left and right equally
   Parasagittal- separating and left and right unequally
2. Transverse cut – separated superior and inferior
3. Frontal cut – separating anterior and posterior
4. Oblique cut – separating the tissue at an angle

Question 13

Body Cavities- are the spaces left when you remove an organ

• Posterior cavity { Cranial Cavity and Spinal Cavity}
• Anterior Or ventral cavity { thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity}

Answer 13

* Posterior cavity
Cranial cavity: consists of the brain
Spinal cavity: consist of the spinal cord
* Anterior Or ventral cavity
These 3 make the abdominopelvic cavity
1.Thoracic cavity
2.Abdominal cavity
3.Pelvic cavity

Question 14

Label the human body (anterior and posterior)