Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANATOMY 240 🧬 > The Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The reproductive system is designed to

A

perpetuate the species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Male gametes

A

sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Female gametes

A

ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fertilization

A

joining of a sperm cell and an ovum

results in formation of a zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The reproductive system includes

A
  • gonads (testes/ovaries)
  • reproductive tract
  • accessory glands
  • perineal structures (external genetalia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structures of the male reproductive system
(know the picture)

A
  • testis
  • epididymis
  • ductus deferens
  • ejaculatory duct
  • spongey urethra
  • seminal gland
  • prostate gland
  • bulbo-urethral gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the testes?

A

They hang inside a pouch called the scrotum, which is on the outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Development of the testes

A

testes form inside the abdominal cavity near the kidneys

they descend toward the scrotum by passing through the inguinal canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spermatic cords

A

bundle the ductus deferens, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Temperature for testicle development

Temperature for sperm development

A

98.6; which is why they develop in the abdominal cavity

96.6; which is why they the testes are outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two chambers of the scotum

A

scrotal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Peripheral raphe

A

separate the chambers

can be seen as thickened tissue that extends from the anus, across the scrotum, and along the anterior surface of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

a serous membrane that covers the outside of each testis and covers the inside lining of each scrotal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dartos muscle

A

contraction causes the wrinkling of the scrotal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

contraction tenses the scrotal sac and pulls it closer to the body to maintain proper temperature

Cold temp = testes move closer to the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

a tough fibrous lining of the testes

separates the testes into lobules -> seminiferous tubules -> epididymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Interstitial cells

  • location + hormone
A

found within the space between the coils of the seminiferous tubules

produce and release testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epididymus

A

sperm cells move from the seminiferous tubules (via fluid movement) eventually to the epididymis to mature a little longer

recycling center for damaged spermatozoa

stores spermatozoa for further maturation (about two weeks) to get activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Process of capacitation

A

sperm cells become motile when mixed with secretions from the seminal glands

become capable of fertilizing an egg when exposed to the female reproductive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ductus deferens alternate name

A

vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

know the pathway of the vas deferens

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prostatic urethra

A

extends from the urinary bladder through the prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Membranous urethra

A

the merging of the prostatic urethra and the ejaculatory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spongey urethra

A

passes through the penis

sometimes called the penile urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Male accessory glands
- seminal glands - prostate gland - bulbo-urethral glands
26
Seminal glands
produce 60% of the semen volume produce seminal fluid contents empty into the ductus deferens
27
Seminal fluid consists of
- a high concentration of fructose - prostaglandins - clotting factors
28
Prostate gland
produces 20-30% of semen volume contents empty into the prostatic urethra weakly acidic
29
Bulbo-urethral glands
produces 5% of semen volume paired glands at the base of the penis contents empty into the spongey urethra
30
Bulbo-urethral glands secretions
consists of thick, sticky, alkaline mucus neutralizes urinary acids that are remaining in the urethra provides lubrication for the tip of the penis
31
How many mL of semen per ejaculation?
2-5mL
32
Ejaculation material consists of
- <5% spermatozoa - seminal fluid - enzymes that dissolves vaginal mucus and acts as an antibiotic
33
Penis regions
Root: each one attaches to the rami of the ischia Body: consists of erectile tissue Glans: expanded distal end of the penis that surrounds the external urethral orifice
34
3 cylindrical columns of erectile tissue and blood vessels
2 corpora cavernosa 1 corpus spongiosum
35
Corpora cavernosa
- contains the deep artery of the penis in the center - each cavernosum extends posteriorly forming a crus of the penis - each crus is bound to the ramus of the ischium
36
Corpus spongiosum
consists of spongey urethra
37
Erection of the penis steps
1. parasympathetic nerves are activated 2. arterial vessels dilate 3. arterial vessels and vascular channels in corpus cavernosa become engorges with blood 4. erection occurs
38
Ovaries
consist of a cortex (where gamete production takes place) and a medulla
39
What initiates the ovarian cycle and what happens
FSH initiates the cycle then, follicles begin to mature and produce estrogen
40
Ovulation =
- gamete release
41
A rise in what causes weakening in the follicular wall?
Leutinizing hormone once the wall breaks, the egg is released into the uterine tube
42
Corpus luteum Corpus albigans
corpus luteum: empty follicle that produces progesterone corpus albigans: forms as a result of corpus luteum decomposition
43
Progesterone
prepares the body for pregnancy
44
4 regions of the uterine tubes
isthmus ampulla infundibulum fimbrae
45
Fimbrae
creates a current to draw egg into uterine tube
46
Uterus functions
- provides protection and nutrient support for embryo - removes waste made by embryo
47
Uterine walls
- Endometrium - Myometrium: longitudinal, circular, and oblique smooth muscles - Perimetrium
48
Endometrium layers
Functional layer: closest to the uterine cavity, contains the uterine glands, and undergoes cyclic changes due to hormones Basilar layer: closest to the myometrium and stays relatively constant
49
3 phases of the uterine cyle
- proliferative phase - secretory phase - menses
50
Proliferative phase
increase in estrogen endometrial lining thickens to prepare the body for the implantation of a fertilized egg
51
Secretory phase
increase in progesterone endometrial glands enlarge and blood vessels elongate if present, the egg is ready to implant
52
Menses
(menstruation) decrease in estrogen and progesterone causes constriction of blood vessels and results in loss of endometrial cells
53
The vagina extends from
the cervix of the uterus to the external genetalia edges of the cervix form the fornix
54
Normal population of bacteria in the vagina
- get nutrients from the cervical mucus - create an acidic environment that reduces the growth of many pathogenic organisms - reduces sperm mobility (counteracted by buffers in seminal fluid)
55
Histology of vagina
- lined with stratified squamous epithelium - tissue forms rugae when relaxed - contains lamina propria (thick + elastic)
56
Vulva
entire genitalia area
57
Vestibule
opening into vagina surrounded by the labia minora
58
Clitoris
contains erectile tissue that swells with blood during sexual arousal
59
Labia majora + mons pubis
forms lateral and superior edges of the vestibule
60
Crus of the clitoris
extends along the medial surface of the pubic arch

ANATOMY 240 🧬 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions