Ch 28

Question 1

Ecosystem services provided by green algae and land plants include

Answer 1

Producing oxygen via oxygenic photosynthesis

Building soil by providing food for decomposers

Holding soil and preventing nutrients from being lost to wind or water erosion

Holding water in the soil

Moderating the local climate by providing shade and reducing the impact of wind and landscapes

Question 2

What are the major morphological differences among land plants

Answer 2

Nonvascular plants

Seedless vascular plants

Seed plants

Question 3

What are nonvascular plants

Answer 3

They lack vascular tissue

Their cells conduct water or dissolve nutrients throughout the plant body

They include mosses

And use spores Not seeds to reproduce and disperse

Question 4

Seeded plants and their traits

Answer 4

Have vascular tissue

Make seeds
Seeds consist of embryo and store nutritive tissue surrounded by protective layer

Please include angiosperms or flowering plants and gymnosperms

Question 5

Define angiosperms

Answer 5

A flowering vascular plant that produces seeds within mature ovaries

Question 6

Define gymnosperms

Answer 6

vascular plant that makes seeds but does not produce flowers

Question 7

Seedless vascular plants and their traits

Answer 7

Have Well developed vascular issue

Do not make seeds, use spores for reproduction

Includes ferns

Question 8

How did plants adapt to dry conditions with intense sunlight

Answer 8

With 3 adaptations

1. Preventing water loss which kept cells from drying out and dying
2. Providing protection from harmful ultraviolet waves
3. Moving water from tissues with direct access to water to tissues without direct acccess 

Question 9

Features of the the plant that prevent water loss

Answer 9

The cuticle and stomata

Question 10

Define cuticle

Answer 10

Is a watertight sealant that covers the above ground parts of the plant and gives them the ability to survive in dry environments

Question 11

Stoma/stomata

Answer 11

Openings surrounded by guard cells these openings allow CO 2 to come into plant this is what allows Gas exchange to be accomplished

Question 12

Why was UV rays harmful to newly land plants?

Answer 12

Because UV damages DNA by causing thymine dimers

Question 13

Due to some newly pant 0lanys being able to absorbe UV light

Answer 13

They survived which now leads to the plants we have today where they absorb UV using flavonoids that protect DNA

Question 14

Athe importance of upright growth

Answer 14

Early plant Individuals that grew upright had better access to sunlight than those individuals that did not causing the upright plants to survive

This now applies to current plants

Question 15

Vascular tissue

Answer 15

Tissue that transport water nutrients and sugars.

Can include the cell wall structure: lignin containing secondary and primary cell wall, and water conducting tracheids

Question 16

What are the two male and female gametangia

Answer 16

antheridium
Archegonium

Question 17

Define Antheridium

Answer 17

The sperm producing structure in most land plants

Question 18

Define archegonium

Answer 18

The egg producing structure in most land plants

Question 19

Define Heterospory

Answer 19

The production of two distinct types of spores by different structures

Produce a single type of spore

Spores develops into bisexual gametophyte that produce both eggs and sperms

This gametophytes can self fertilize and produce offspring

Question 20

Define homospory

Answer 20

The production of just one type of spore

Question 21

Define hyphae

Answer 21

It is one of the long branching strands of a fungal mycelium also found in some protists