Ch 30

Question 1

Animals are eukaryotes that share 3 key traits:

Answer 1

Multicellular

Heterotrophs

Motility

Question 2

Multicellularity with cells that ( in terms of animals)

Answer 2

Lack cell walls

Have an extensive extracellular matrix

Question 3

Animals share key traits of heterotrophy meaning they

Answer 3

Obtain necessary carbon compounds from other organisms

Most ingest their food rather than absorbing it

Question 4

Motility in animals

Answer 4

Move under their own power at some point in their life cycle

Question 5

What is an animal

Answer 5

Biologist recognize 30-35 phyla of animals but are always being debate d

Question 6

Extracellular matrix

Answer 6

Fiber composite in which animal cells are in bedded consisting of proteins and polysaccharides produced by the cell

Question 7

What key Inovations occur during the origin of animal phyla

Answer 7

fossils

Comparative morphology

Comparative development

Comparative genomics

Question 8

What role did Fossils have on innovations in discovering origin of animaI phyla

Answer 8

Fossils are direct evidence of ancient animals of now they looked, when they existed and lived

But fossils found are usually in abundance what’re sedimentation occurred

Question 9

What key role did comparative morphology have on origin of animal phyla

Answer 9

This data is used to :

Define the fundamental architecture or body plan of each lineage

Infer which characteristics arose 1st

Infer which animal groups are more closely related

Question 10

What was comparative development used for in discovering the origin of animal phyla

Answer 10

Provided information about patterns of gene expression

Determined genetic and developmental Homeology

And saw the patterns in convergent evolution

Question 11

Where is comparative genomics used for when discovering the origin of animal phyla

Answer 11

Provided info about the relative similarity of genes and different organisms

Provided insight into phylogenetic relationships

Question 12

Define benthic

Answer 12

at bottom of aquatic environments

Question 13

Define sessile

Answer 13

Adults that live permanently attached to a substrate rather than moving freely

Question 14

What characteristics do sponges share with choanoflagelates

Answer 14

Both have benthic, sessile and feed using cells with nearly identical form morphology

Question 15

Define colonies

Answer 15

Group of attached individuals

Question 16

Chuanoflagellates sometimes formed

Answer 16

Colonies

Question 17

Sponges contain many specialized cell types including the

Answer 17

The ECM

Question 18

Define epithelium

Answer 18

A layer of tightly joined cells that covers interior and exterior surface of animals

Question 19

Do some sponges have true Epithelium

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Sponges are diverse in

Answer 20

Size shape and composition

Question 21

Define spicules

Answer 21

They are stiff spikes of silica or calcium carbonate that provides structural support to the ECM

Question 22

Define diploblasts

Answer 22

Are animals whose embryos have two types of tissues

1. The ectoderm
2. And the endoderm

Question 23

Define ectoderm

Answer 23

Outside skin

Question 24

Define endoderm

Answer 24

Inside skin

Question 25

Triploblasts are animals whose embryos have three germ layers

Answer 25

1. ectoderm
2. Endoderm
3. Mesoderm 

Question 26

Define mesoderm

Answer 26

Middle skin

Question 27

Define body Symmetry

Answer 27

What is the Chi morphological aspect of an animals body plan

Question 28

Define radial symmetry

Answer 28

animals that have at least two planes of symmetry

Question 29

And example of an animal that has radial symmetry

Answer 29

Starfish And sea sponges

Question 30

Define bilateral symmetry

Answer 30

Animals that have a single plane of symmetry and long and narrow bodies

Question 31

Example of animals with bilateral symmetry

Answer 31

Humans dogs cats

Question 32

Most animals exhibit

Answer 32

Bilateral symmetry

Question 33

What 4 themes occurred in the diversification of animals

Answer 33

Higher oxygen levels

The evolution of predation

New niches Beget more new niches

New genes new bodies

Question 34

Animals are put into three groups where eggs and embryos develop What are the three

Answer 34

Viviparous

Oviparous

Ovoviviparous 

Question 35

Devin viviparous

Answer 35

Life bearing species

Include most mammals and retain embryo in females body during development

Question 36

Define oviparous

Answer 36

egg bearing species

Lay eggs outside to develop independently

Vast majority of animals races are oviparous

Question 37

Define ovoviviparous

Answer 37

Egg live bearing species

Female retains eggs inside her body during early development

Embryos are nourished inside yolk

Include species like Insects fish and reptiles