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BIO 2 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Animals are heterotrophic True or false

A

True

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2
Q

What is an epithelium

A

It is the surface of animals, it is made of tightly linked cells

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3
Q

What germ layers are in triploplastic animals?

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. Endoderm
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4
Q

Animals with bilateral symmetry have at least two planes of symmetry true or false

A

False

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5
Q

Animals that retain eggs inside their bodies and when they hatch their mothers give birth to them this method every production is called being what

A

Ovovivparous

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6
Q

To make the transition to land new adaptations were needed for protosomes to overcome three challenges what are those three challenges

A
  1. Exchange of gases
  2. Keep from drying out

3.weight of their own body

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a Visceral mass of mollusks

A

Visceral mass of mollusks hold important organs of the mollusks

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8
Q

Starfish are the only mollusks to modify their feet into tentacles

A

False

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9
Q

Insects have their bodies divided into two regions: the cephalothorax and abdomen

A

False

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10
Q

Describe the gill-co hypothesis

A

States that the origin of wings came from the overgrowth of gills that then attached to legs

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11
Q

What are the four morphological features found in developing chordates

A
  1. Pharyngeal gill slits
  2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
  3. Notochord
  4. Muscular post anal tail
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12
Q

Which of the following regions of the brain is responsible for vision

A

Midbrain

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13
Q

How did the gill arch shape the first working jaw

A

The gill arch hypothesis states the origin of the jaw came from the mutation of the anterior to increase in size moving forward to form the first working jaw

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14
Q

All Reptiles are ectothermic

A

False

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15
Q

Bipedalism is a Synamorphy The Defines hominins

A

True

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16
Q

Define segmentation

A

It is when the species is divided up into segments so they are able to move better

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17
Q

What is one thing that occurred in the diversification of animals

A

Evolution of predation

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18
Q

True or false Cephalochordates and urochordates Are considered invertebrate chordates

A

True

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19
Q

Define cranium

A

The cranium is a bodily structure that encases the brain

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20
Q

Give an example of parental care

A

Teaching young survival skills

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21
Q

What is the advantage and disadvantage of parental care in animals

A

The advantage is that there is a higher chance of the young to survive and reproduce in the future however the disadvantage is that parents had to exert more time and energy

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22
Q

Name one Fundamental feature that eukaryotes possess

A

Multicellularity

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23
Q

Define the global carbon cycle

A

Global carbon cycle is the cycle of carbon movement in the atmosphere to land then to ocean environment and back again into atmosphere creating a cycle

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24
Q

Compare and contrast symbiosis and endosymbiosis

A

Symbiosis is when species lives amongst one another where Endosymbiosis is when cells of one species lives inside a cell of another

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25
Q

True or false multicellularity refers to organisms that have more than one cell

A

True

26
Q

True or false: gametophyte is a multicellular diploid form

A

True

27
Q

Name one ecosystem service plants provide

A

Regulate local climate

28
Q

Which of the following land plants include mosses

A

Nonvascular plants

29
Q

Which of the following adaptations did plants need to live on land?

A

Prevent water loss

UV radiation

Movement of water in tissues

30
Q

What do antheridium and archegonium produce

A

Antheridium produce sperm

Archegonium produce eggs

31
Q

Define Heterospory

A

Produce different spores by different structures

32
Q

True or false mycorrhizal is fungi that live along with the roots but are not in close association with them

A

False

33
Q

Which of the following are described as club like cells that are formed at the end of a Hyphae

A

Basidia

34
Q

True or false commensalism is a symbiotic Relationship where one benefits but the other does not nor is it harmed

A

True

35
Q

Define heterokaryotic

A

Heterokaryotic is when two different nuclei fuse to form haploid hyphae zygote

36
Q

True or false: A pandemic is a disease that rapidly infects a large number of inclividuals over a widening area

A

False

37
Q

Why is it serious when HIV destroys our t-helper cells?

A

It is serious because HIV causes the T- helper cell count to drop which weakens the immune system with a weak immune system the body is more susceptible to disease

38
Q

Which of the following is described as a single RNA genome containing one positive and one. Negative sense region

A

Ambisense

39
Q

Name the common phases of replicative growth in viruses hint: the stages of a virus life cycle

A
  1. Attachment to host and entry to cytosol
  2. Viral genome transcription and production of viral proteins
  3. Viral genome replication
  4. Assembly of new Virions
  5. Exit host
  6. Transmission to another host cell
40
Q

True or false HIV is known as a retrovirus

A

True

41
Q

True or false the reverse transcriptase is responsible for transcribing RNA to DNA in retroviruses

A

True

42
Q

What was Plato’s claim or take on evolution

A

Plato followed the typological thinking where organisms created by God are made in perfect essence and Unchanging

43
Q

Define vestigial traits

A

It is the little to no function of a trait in an organism.it canbe seen in an organism or not necessarily.

44
Q

What an the 3 levels of Homology??

A

1 - genetic

2- developmental

3- structural

45
Q

Which of the following is defined as a “heritable trait that increases an individuals fitness in a particular environment relative to individuals lacking that trait”

A

Adaptation

46
Q

True or false: acclimation is the same as adaptation

A

False

47
Q

Define fitness trade-off:

A

It is the compromise of traits where gaining that trait can benefit but also have some down sides to it

48
Q

Which of the following processes is described as “causing allele frequencies to change randomly”

A

Genetic drift

49
Q

What are hardy Weinberg’s five assumptions

A

No mutations

No natural selection

No genetic drift

No gene flow

Random mating 

50
Q

True or false inbreeding decreases the frequencies of homozygous recessive individuals

A

False

51
Q

Natural selection occurs in patterns and modes what are they

A

Directional selection

Balancing selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

52
Q

True or false: intrasexual selection is also known as mate choice

A

False

53
Q

Give an example of sexual dimorphism

A

Male deer have antler weaponry, but females do not have weaponry

54
Q

Which of the following are part of the three criteria for identifying a species

A

Biological species concept

Morphological species concept

Phylogenetic species concept

55
Q

True or false prezygotic isolation is when a hybrid is born but it is either not viable or sterile

A

False

56
Q

True of false vicariance is the physical splitting of a habitat

A

True

57
Q

What is a allopolyploidy

A

It is a mutation where two different organisms come together and offspring has two chromosome of copies

58
Q

Contrast an ancestral and derived trait

A

An ancestor trait are traits that come from ancestors whereas derived traits are modified ancestral traits from the species

59
Q

Which of the following fossils is the result of “remains decomposed after burial and dissolved minerals create a cast in the remaining hole”

A

Cast fossils

60
Q

Name one method an infectious disease can spread

A

Ingestion of contaminated substances like food and water

61
Q

True or false conjugation is when genetic info is transferred by direct cell to cell contact

A

True

BIO 2 (13 decks)

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