Ch.24 Speciation

Question 1

What is the three criteria for identifying species

Answer 1

1. The biological species concept
2. The morphological species concept (morphospecies)
3. The phylogenetic species concept

Question 2

What are the criteria/concepts to identify whether populations represent distinct species

Answer 2

Biological species concept
Morphospecies concept
Phylogenetic species concept

Question 3

Define biological species concept

Answer 3

population or group of populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups
members of a species have the potential to interbreed in nature to produce viable offspring but cannot interbreed successfully with members of other species

Question 4

Define morphospecies concept

Answer 4

The definition of the species as a population or a group of populations that have measurably different anatomical features from other groups

Question 5

Define phylogenetic species concept

Answer 5

The definition of a species as the smallest monophyletic group in a phylogenetic tree

Question 6

Define speciation

Answer 6

Occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of the species and develop its own unique characteristics

Question 7

Define allopatric speciation

Answer 7

When a species separate into two separate groups which are isolated from one another

They do not have overlapping geographic ranges

Question 8

When does geographic isolation occur?

Answer 8

1 it occurs either by dispersal

2. Or vicariance

Question 9

When can sympatric speciation occur?

Answer 9

When speciation among populations within same geological area

Question 10

If Gene flow occurs what can happen to diverged populations?

Answer 10

May fuse into a single species

Question 11

Define hybridization

Answer 11

It is when parents from different species, populations or strains come together and mate

Question 12

Secondary contact can lead to

Answer 12

Reinforcement

Question 13

Gene flow between different species can lead to the formation of

Answer 13

Hybrid zones

Question 14

What happens when speciation by hybridization occurs?

Answer 14

A new branch is added to the tree of life by the merging of parts of preexisting branches

Question 15

Define autopolyploid

Answer 15

It is the state of having more than 2 sets of chromosomes due to a mutation that doubled the chromosome number from both the same species mating

Question 16

Define hybrid zone

Answer 16

Is a geographic area where interbreeding between two populations occur and hybrid offspring are common

Question 17

Define genome

Answer 17

All the hereditary material (DNA or RNA) in a virus, cell or organism

Question 18

Define polyploidy

Answer 18

It is a type of mutation that occurs when there is an error in meiosis or mitosis that results in More than two sets of chromosomes

Question 19

Define niche

Answer 19

The range of ecological resources that a species can use and the range of conditions it can tolerate

Question 20

Define sympatry

Answer 20

Is a condition in which two or more populations live in the same geographic area or close enough to permit interbreeding

Question 21

Define sympatric speciation

Answer 21

It is the separation of populations living within the same geographic area into different species as the result of their genetic isolation

Question 22

Define allopatry

Answer 22

conditions in which two or more populations live in different geographic areas

Question 23

Allopatric speciation starts in what two ways?

Answer 23

1. dispersal- the movement of individuals from done place to another

2.vicariance- the physical splitting of a habitat

Question 24

Define taxonomy

Answer 24

It is the branch of science concerned with classification especially of organisms

Question 25

Define Synamorphy

Answer 25

"Unique forms" where Homologous traits are found in common ancestors and descendants but missing in more distant ancestors

Question 26

Define species

Answer 26

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

Question 27

Define genetic isolation

Answer 27

It is the lack of mixing between organisms of the same species

Question 28

Prezygotic isolation

Answer 28

It is when individuals from different species are prevented from mating it is apart of biological species concept

Question 29

PostZygotic isolation

Answer 29

It is when the hybrid Offspring do not survive or produce It is apart of the biological species concept

Question 30

What is the word for the physical splitting of a habitat

Answer 30

Vicariance 

Question 31

It Is the term for the physical splitting of the population into a smaller more isolated populations by a geographic barrier

Answer 31

Vicariance

Question 32

This is when a population moves to a new habitat colonizers it and found a new population

Answer 32

Dispersal

Question 33

This is the state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes due to the HYBRIDIZATION between 2 different species

Answer 33

Allopolyploid

Question 34

Polyploid

Answer 34

It is the state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes either from the same species or from different species

Question 35