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Pathophysiology Exam 3 > Ch. 29 Disorders of GI Function > Flashcards

Ch. 29 Disorders of GI Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most common GI congenital abnormalities?

A

Esophageal atresia and TEF

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2
Q

What are manifestations of Esophageal atresia and TEF?

A
  • Frothing and bubbling at the mouth
  • Episodes of coughing
  • Cyanosis
  • Respiratory Distress
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3
Q

What are interventions for Esophageal atresia and TEF?

A
  • NPO
  • Surgery
  • Temporary goal with G-tube
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4
Q

Difficulty swallowing is called what?

A

Dysphagia

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5
Q

What are manifestations of dysphagia?

A
  • Choking

- Coughing

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6
Q

What are interventions for dysphagia?

A
  • Involve multidisciplinary team

- Mechanical dilation/surgery

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7
Q

What are longitudinal tears in the esophagus at the esophogastric junction called?

A

Tears- Mallory Weiss Syndrome

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8
Q

Mallory Weiss Syndrome is caused by what?

A

Chronic Alcoholism after severe retching/vomiting

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9
Q

What are manifestations of Mallory Weiss Syndrome?

A
  • Abdominal Pain

- GI bleeding (large amount at a time)

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10
Q

A protrusion or herniation of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is called what?

A

Hiatal Hernia (“annoying”)

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11
Q

How are hiatal hernias treated?

A

Medication or surgery

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12
Q

What are manifestations of GERD?

A
  • Heartburn
  • Chest pain
  • Belching
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13
Q

What should be done when eating as an intervention for GERD?

A
  • Eat small meals
  • Sit up after eating
  • Avoid fatty foods
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14
Q

Is losing weight an intervention for GERD?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What medication interventions can help with GERD?

A
  • Antacids
  • Histamine 2 receptor blocking antagonists
  • Proton pump inhibitors
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16
Q

What are complications of GERD?

A
  • Persistant reflux

- Barrett’s esophagus

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17
Q

A self-limiting disorder that causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa is what?

A

Gastritis

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18
Q

What are the causes of gastritis?

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Alcohol
  • Bacterial Toxins
  • H. Pylori
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19
Q

What are manifestations of gastritis?

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal Pain
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20
Q

What are gastritis interventions?

A
  • Antacids
  • Antibiotics (H. pylori)
  • Proton pump inhibitors
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21
Q

Helicobacter pylori gastritis has a prevalence in more than 50% of American adults older than 50 years and is believed to be caused by a previous infection when the patient was younger. What can H.pylori cause?

A

Gastric atrophy

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22
Q

What does PUD stand for?

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

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23
Q

What are the most common forms of PUD?

A

-Duodenal and gastic ulcers

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24
Q

What risk factors are there for developing PUD?

A
  • H. pylori

- Use of aspirin

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25
What are the manifestations of PUD?
- **Pain in relieved by food or antacids | - Burning, gnawing, and cramp like pain when stomach is empty
26
What are interventions for PUD?
- Antacids - H2 receptor antagonists - Proton pump inhibitors - Avoid ASA and NSAIDs
27
The nurse is monitoring a client with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate perforation of the ulcer?
A rigid, board like abdomen
28
Persistent and recurrent symptoms of abdominal pain, altered bowel function are signs of what?
IBS
29
What is the hallmark sign of IBS?
Abdominal pain relieved by defecation
30
Besides the hallmark sign, what are other manifestations of IBS?
- Flatulence - Bloating - Nausea - Anorexia - Constipation or diarrhea
31
Recurrent granulomatous is a type of inflammatory response that can effect any area of the GI tract is known as what?
Crohn's Disease
32
In what disease does the bowel become thick and inflexible?
Crohn's Disease
33
What are manifestations of Crohn's disease?
- Intermittent diarrhea - Coliky pain - Weight loss - Fluid/electrolyte disorder - Malaise - Low grade fever
34
What is a main complication of Crohn's disease?
Fistula Formation
35
What is a nonspecific inflammatory condition of the colon?
Ulcerative Colitis
36
What are manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis?
- Diarrhea attacks - Bloody/mucus stools - Mild abdominal cramping - Fecal incontinence - Weakness/fatigue - Anorexia
37
What are interventions for Ulcerative Colitis?
- Avoid caffeine - Limit dairy - Use fiber supplements - Surgical treatment
38
A condition in which the mucosal layer of the colon herniates through the muscular layer is called what?
DiverticulOSIS
39
DiverticulOSIS is most common in which part of the colon?
Sigmoid
40
With diverticulOSIS most people remain what?
Asymptomatic
41
How is diverticulOSIS described by patients?
- Lower abdominal discomfort | - change in bowel habits
42
What is it called when there is inflammation of the diverticulum?
DiverticulITIS
43
What are the manifestations of diverticulITIS?
- LLQ pain/tenderness - Nausea/vomiting - Low grade fever - Elevated WBC count - Rigid board like abdomen (perforation)?
44
What interventions are there for acute diverticulITIS?
- Antibiotics | - Withhold solid food (bowel rest)
45
DiverticulITIS is what type or response?
Infectious
46
When the appendix becomes inflamed, swollen, gangrenous, and will perforate if not treated is called what?
Appendicitis
47
Initially people with appendicitis have vague what?
Stomach pain
48
Later on people with appendicitis have what type of pain?
RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
49
Would people with appendicitis have an elevated WBC >10,000mm3 and a fever?
Yes.
50
What is the only intervention for appendicitis?
Surgery
51
What are potential complications of appendicitis ?
- Peritonitis - Abscess formation - Septicemia
52
What is an inflammatory response of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity of peritoneal lining?
Peritonitis
53
Most commonly, enteric bacteria enter the peritoneum because of a defect in the wall of one of the abdominal organs is seen in what?
Peritonitis
54
What are common causes peritonitis?
- Ruptured appendix - Perforated diverticulum or peptic ulcer - Gangrenous bowel - Pelvic inflammatory disease - Abdominal trauma and gunshot wounds
55
What are manifestations of peritonitis?
- Pain/tenderness is common - Pt is still in bed - Shallow breathing - Abdominal rigidity with guarding - Vomiting - Fever - Elevated WBC count
56
What is an impairment of movement in the intestinal tract called?
Intestinal Obstruction
57
What are the cardinal symptoms of an intestinal obstruction?
- Pain - Absolute Constipation - Abdominal Distension - Vomiting (Smells like stool)
58
A diet high in fat, refined sugar intake, low fiber intake and lack of vitamins A, C, and E, is a common cause of what?
Colorectal cancer
59
What are early manifestations of colorectal cancer?
- Rectal bleeding - Change in bowel habits - Diarrhea/Constipation - Sense of urgency or incomplete emptying of bowel
60
What are late manifestations of colorectal cancer?
-Pain
61
What disorders is triggered by ingestion of gluten containing grains? (Wheat, barley, rye)
Celiac Disease
62
What are infancy manifestations of celiac disease?
- Failure to thrive - Abdominal distension - Occasionally severe malnutrition
63
What are older children manifestations of celiac disease?
- Anemia - Short stature - Dental enamel defects - Constipation
64
What are adult manifestations of celiac disease?
- Diarrhea - Constipation - Bloating - Flatus - Belching
65
What is the most common ways o test for celiac disease?
Serologic Tests
66
What is the last resort for testing for celiac disease?
Intestinal Biopsy

Pathophysiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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