Ch. 36 Disorders of Neuromuscular Function

Question 1

Which autoimmune disease lacks acetylcholine?

Answer 1

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 2

• Muscle weakness pronounced more proximal the distal parts
• Fatigue
• Ptosis (eyelid drooping)
• Diplopia (double vision)
• Potential for respiratory weakness
• Symptoms worsen throughout the day

Question 3

What are the treatments for Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 3

• Immunosupressive therapy
• Corticosteriod drugs
• Plasmapheresis
• Thymectomy

Question 4

In myasthenia gravis, periods of stress can produce myasthenia crisis. When does myasthenia crisis occur?

Answer 4

-When muscle weakness becomes sufficiently severe to compromise ventilation

Question 5

What is any primary disorder of the peripheral nerves called?

Answer 5

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 6

Can peripheral neuropathy involve a single nerve or multiple nerves?

Answer 6

Both

Question 7

What is single nerve peripheral neuropathy called?

Answer 7

Mononeuropathy

Question 8

What is multiple nerve peripheral neuropathy called?

Answer 8

Polyneuropathy

Question 9

What syndrome is the compression of the medial nerve?

Answer 9

Carpa Tunnel Syndrome

Question 10

Is carpal tunnel syndrome a mononeuropathy or a polyneuropathy?

Answer 10

Mononeuropathy

Question 11

What are signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 11

• Pain
• Parasthesia
• Numbness of the first two and one half digits of the hand
• Pain in the wrist and hand
• Decreased grip

Question 12

What are carpal tunnel syndrome treatments?

Answer 12

• Avoid movements that cause pain
• Splinting
• Anti inflammatory meds
• surgery

Question 13

Is Guillain Barre a mononeuropathy or a polyneuropathy?

Answer 13

Polyneuropathy

Question 14

What syndrome is an autoimmune disorder which causes rapidly progressive limb weakness and loss of tendon reflexes?

Answer 14

Guillain -Barre Syndrome

Question 15

What are the causes of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Answer 15

• 2/3 report acute influenza like an illness prior to the disease
• Streptococcal infection has been linked along with other bacteria

Question 16

Does Guillain-Barre Syndrome start at the feet and works its way up?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What are Guillain-Barre signs and symptoms?

Answer 17

• Progressive ascending muscle weakness or the limbs
• Paresthesia
• Numbness
• Symmetric Flaccid Paralysis

Question 18

What may paralysis in Guillain -Barre Syndrome progress to involve?

Answer 18

Respiratory Muscles

Question 19

Where do patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome have pain?

Answer 19

• Shoulder
• Back
• Posterior Thigh

Question 20

What is the treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Answer 20

• High dose IV immunoglobulin therapy

- Plasmapheresis

Question 21

What percent of Guillain-Barre patients make a full recovery?

Answer 21

80-90%

Question 22

What common disorder of the basal ganglia is there in the elderly?

Answer 22

Parkinson Disease

Question 23

What is Parkinson Disease cause by?

Answer 23

A reduction in dopamine

Question 24

What are the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson Disease (Parkinsonism)?

Answer 24

• Tremor
• Rigidity
• Bradykinesia

Question 25

What are nonpharmologic treatments for Parkinson Disease?

Answer 25

- Group support - Education - Nutrition - Daily exercise

Question 26

What are pharmacological treatments for Parkinson Disease?

Answer 26

Antiparkinson drugs to increase function of dopamine system

Question 27

What disorder affects the upper motor neuron?

Answer 27

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 28

What is the name of a demyelinating disease of the CNS?

Answer 28

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 29

What are causes of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 29

- Genetics - Living in northern latitude areas - Low Vit D levels

Question 30

What are manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 30

- Paresthesia - Pain from spasticity - Abnormal Gait - Bladder and sexual dysfunction - Vertigo - Fatigue - Speech disturbance

Question 31

What is the best way to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 31

MRI

Question 32

What is the treatment for Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 32

- Physical Therapy | - Corticosteriods (acute attacks)

Question 33

What is not a typical clinical manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 33

Sudden bursts of energy

Question 34

What are signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 34

- Hypertension - Skin Pallor - Goosebumps

Question 35

What are stimuli to cause autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 35

- Full bladder or rectum - Stimulation of pain receptors - Ejaculation - Bladder Spasms - Uterine Contractions

Question 36

What is the treatment for autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 36

- Fix stimulus - Position patient upright - Anti-hypertensives