Ch. 4

Question 1

A __ exists whenever objectives are not being met

Answer 1

problem

Question 2

____ is the process of taking corrective action to meet objectives.

Answer 2

Problem-solving

Question 3

_____ is the process of selecting a course of action that will solve a problem.

Answer 3

Decision-making

Question 4

The steps of the _______ include
1. Classification and definition of the problem/opportunity
2. Setting objectives and criteria
3. Generating creative and innovative alternatives
4. Analyzing alternatives and selecting the most feasible
5. Planning and implementing the decision
6. Controlling the decision

Answer 4

decision-making model

Question 5

For _______, which are recurring/routine, the decision maker should use decision rules/organizational policies and procedures.

Answer 5

programmed decisions

Question 6

For _______, which are significant, nonrecurring, and nonroutine, the decision maker should use the decision-making model.

Answer 6

nonprogrammed decisions

Question 7

The three ________ are certainty, risk, and uncertainty.

Answer 7

decision-making conditions

Question 8

____ are the standards an alternative must meet to be selected as the decision to accomplish the objective.

Answer 8

Criteria

Question 9

_____ is a way of thinking that generates new ideas

Answer 9

Creativity

Question 10

____ is the implementation of a new idea

Answer 10

Innovation

Question 11

The three stages in the ______ are
1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Evaluation

Answer 11

creative process

Question 12

With the ________, group members focus on defending a proposed solution while others come up with criticisms against it.

Answer 12

devil’s advocate approach

Question 13

____ is the process of suggesting many possible alternatives without evaluation.

Answer 13

Brainstorming

Question 14

_____ is the process of generating novel alternatives through role-playing and fantasizing.

Answer 14

Synectics

Question 15

_____ is the process of generating and evaluating alternatives using a structured voting method

Answer 15

Nominal grouping

Question 16

______ is the process of developing group agreement on a solution to a problem

Answer 16

Consensus mapping

Question 17

___ is the analysis of large amounts of quantified facts to aid in maximizing decision-making.

Answer 17

Big data

Question 18

Why is it necessary to determine the decision structure and decision-making conditions?

Answer 18

To determine whether or not to use the decision-making model or policies and procedures.

Question 19

Is a decrease in sales a symptom or the cause of a problem?

Answer 19

symptom

Question 20

What is the difference between creativity and innovation?

Answer 20

Creativity is the generation of new ideas, and innovation is the implementation of new ideas.