ch 5

Question 1

fats roles

Answer 1

Energy use and storage
Insulation and protection
Hormone synthesis
Nerve impulse transmission
Component of cell membranes
Nutrient transportation

Question 2

Phytochemical absorption after eating a full fat dressing is

Answer 2

higher

Question 2

Triglycerides:

Answer 2

glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids; mono=1 fatty acid, di=2 fatty acids, fatty acids and glycerol (95%)

Question 3

fats absorb

Answer 3

phytochemicals

Question 3

Types of fats:

Answer 3

phospholipids, triglycerides, sterol

Question 4

Monounsaturated:

Answer 4

one double bond, liquid at room temp; pb and canola oil, avocado oil; may decrease risk for CVD, healthy type of fat; decreased risk for cardiovascular disease (Peanut butter)

Question 5

fatty acids

Answer 5

strings of carbon, methynl group on one end, acid group other end; differ in number and position of double bonds

Question 6

saturated

Answer 6

no double bonds, carbon chain completely filled with hydrogens, solid at room temp; ground beef, butter, tropical oils like coconut oil; may increase risk for cardiovascular disease

Question 6

polyunsaturated encompasses

Answer 6

Omega 3: first double bond on 3rd carbon
Essential fatty acid
Omega 6
Essential fatty acid

Question 7

polyunsaturated

Answer 7

2 or more double bonds, liquid at room temperature

Question 8

Omega 3:

Answer 8

first double bond on 3rd carbon
Essential fatty acid
ALA: Canola oil, flax, walnuts ;EPA+DHA(best ones!!): fatty fish

Question 9

Omega 6:

Answer 9

essential fatty acid, Plant oils, butter

Question 10

glycerol is a

Answer 10

triglyceride

Question 11

omega 3 benefits

Answer 11

Lower BP
Prevent blood clot formation
Protect against irregular heartbeats
Reduce inflammation
Brain vision function

Question 12

high in mercury

Answer 12

Shark
Swordfish
King mackerel
Tilefish

Question 12

sterol encompasses

Answer 12

Cholesterol:
cholesterol
Vitamin d, steroid hormones, bile

Question 13

how many oz of fish a week is recommended?

Answer 13

12oz

Question 14

Cholesterol:

Answer 14

Produced by liver, used to make hormones, bile acids, and vitamin d, no energy, food sources: only in animal products (even healthy ones)

Question 15

what raises blood cholesterol?

Answer 15

saturated fat

Question 16

phospholipids

Answer 16

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate ; Form structure for cell membranes
Water soluble end, fat soluble end

Question 17

where is gastric lipase produced?

Answer 17

stomach

Question 18

short and medium chains go ___ to bloodstream

Answer 18

directly

Question 19

less than _ % of fat is excreted within feces

Answer 19

5

Question 20

4 kinds of lipoproteins

Answer 20

Chylomicrons: dietary fat transporters; neutral for you: made in SI
VLDL: fat delivers (very low density lipoprotein); bad for you; made in liver
LDL: cholesterol delivers (low density lipoprotein); bad for you; VLDL becomes LDL
HDL: cholesterol cleanup crew (high density lipoprotein); good for you!; made in liver

Question 21

lipoproteins

Answer 21

lipid carriers made in the liver or GI tract; from SI and liver to body tissues

Question 22

chylomicrons

Answer 22

dietary far transporters; neutral for you; made in SI

Question 23

VLDL

Answer 23

fat delivers (very low density lipoprotein); bad for you; made in liver

Question 24

LDL

Answer 24

cholesterol delivers (low density lipoprotein); bad for you; VLDL becomes LDL

Question 25

HDL

Answer 25

cholesterol cleanup crew (high density lipoprotein); good for you!; made in liver

Question 26

where is HDL formed?

Answer 26

liver

Question 27

is HDL good or bad for you? what is it's role?

Answer 27

good; Clean up crew

Question 28

atherosclerosis and plaque process

Answer 28

injury to an artery wall from inflammation Minerals, platelets, and oxidized LDL form plaque Foam cells form a fatty streak and calcify Narrowed arteries are at risk for clots

Question 29

which gender has higher risk for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 29

men

Question 30

Diets low in Diets low in _ have high cardiovascular disease risk

Answer 30

fruits and veggies

Question 31

Prevent CVD by:

Answer 31

-eat a diet low in saturated fat and trans fat -eat lots of plant based/antioxidant rich foods -limit refined grains and sugar

Question 32

Less than _ of calories from saturated fat

Answer 32

10%

Question 33

Increase ratio of _ to _

Answer 33

omega 3 to omega 6

Question 34

fish _x a week

Answer 34

2

Question 35

which omega deceases inflammation

Answer 35

3

Question 36

which omega increases inflammation

Answer 36

6

Question 37

what affects blood cholesterol the most?

Answer 37

saturated fat

Question 38

what disease has high risk for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 38

diabetes

Question 39

emulsifier

Answer 39

compound that suspends fat in water

Question 40

rancidity

Answer 40

decomposed fatty acids with unpleasant flavor and odor

Question 41

enterohepatic circulation

Answer 41

bile acid recycling between SI and liver

Question 42

lacteal

Answer 42

lymphatic tissue absorbing fat from SI

Question 43

women have _ HDL than men

Answer 43

higher

Question 44

when is women's HDL highest

Answer 44

before menopause

Question 45

adipose tissue is _

Answer 45

80% lipids, 20% water and protein

Question 46

_ cholesterol is made by body cells

Answer 46

2/3

Question 47

_ cholesterol is from food

Answer 47

1/3

Question 48

foam cells

Answer 48

lipid loaded abc with surrounding large amounts of fatty substance

Question 49

metabolic syndrome

Answer 49

poor blood glucose regulation

Question 50

oxidized LDL is

Answer 50

worse for you!

Question 51

smoking cessation

Answer 51

quitting smoking