ch 6

Question 1

Combining proteins:

Answer 1

Grains and nuts/seeds
Legumes and vegetables
Pita and hummus
Bread and pb

Question 2

deanimation

Answer 2

amino group removed and converted to urea; filtered by kidneys and excreted in urine
Nitrogen must be removed

Question 3

Amino acids

Answer 3

used to build a protein
converted to nonessential amino acid (transamination) or other compound with nitrogen
Used for energy
Converted to glucose or fat

Question 4

Protein absorption

Answer 4

Taken in the bloodstream to the liver via the portal vein

Question 5

Sequence of amino acids is

Answer 5

significant

Question 6

Amino acid structure

Answer 6

Amino acids have a nitrogen and acid group and carbon and R(side chain)
20 different R’s/side chains
Different proteins have different sequences of different amino acids

Question 7

protein roles

Answer 7

Growth and maintenance
Build new cells, replace old ones
Muscles, bones, hair, skin, etc
Antibodies
Defend against foreign substances, provide immunity
Acid base balance
Negatively charged side chains act as a buffer
Blood clotting
Transport around the body
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Proteins attract water back
Transport protein in cell membranes regulate what goes in and out

Question 8

Body loses protein and

Answer 8

metabolic rate decreases

Question 9

Protein RDA:

Answer 9

0.9 g/kg

Question 10

t/f Most Americans meet or exceed the RDA for protein

Answer 10

t

Question 11

t/f Amino acid supplements not considered safe

Answer 11

t

Question 12

too much protein

Answer 12

Watch out for high saturated fat
Nonessential amino acids

Question 13

Malnutrition:

Answer 13

Weight loss, slow growth
Hair loss
Increased susceptibility to infection
Impaired nutrient absorption
Impaired brain and kidney function

Question 14

Kwashiorkor:

Answer 14

Lack of protein
Swollen belly due to edema
Often seen in weaned infants from breastmilk to high-starch, low-protein foods
Develops rapidly

Question 15

marasmus

Answer 15

Wasting of muscle and body fat
Growth stunting
Develops gradually

Question 16

t/f Growth stunting is irreversible

Answer 16

t

Question 17

nutrigenetics

Answer 17

effect of genetic variation on interaction between diet and disease
People with different genes may respond differently to the same dietary pattern

Question 18

nutrigenomics

Answer 18

effects of nutrients on the genome and expression of genes

Question 19

genome

Answer 19

full component of genetic material in the chromosomes of a cell

Question 20

epigenetics

Answer 20

changes in gene function apart from DNA

Question 21

Vegetarian:

Answer 21

Lacto-ovo: (dairy and eggs, but no meat)
Lacto: (dairy, but no meat or eggs)
Don’t need to memorize

Question 22

vegan

Answer 22

no animal products

Question 23

Lacto-ovo:

Answer 23

(dairy and eggs, but no meat)

Question 24

Lacto:

Answer 24

(dairy, but no meat or eggs)

Question 25

vegetarian diet benefits

Answer 25

Less obesity/chronic disease High fiber, fruits and veggies Less saturated fats

Question 26

vegetarian diet limitations

Answer 26

Low energy for kids Fewer minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) Less vit B-12 (only in animal products and vitamin D)

Question 27

t/f Omnivore diets high in fruits and vegetables and whole grains have the same benefits seen in vegetarian diets

Answer 27

t

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

lots of amino acids bonded

Question 29

peptide bonds

Answer 29

link amino acids

Question 30

limiting amino acid

Answer 30

smallest amino acid amount we need

Question 31

DIAAS

Answer 31

how quality is a protein

Question 32

All or nothing principle

Answer 32

an inadequate supply of amino acids prevents protein synthesis

Question 33

complementary consists of

Answer 33

two low quality proteins

Question 34

lectins

Answer 34

a class of proteins that bind carbs and play a protective role in plants; used to be wrongfully blamed for diseases and etc

Question 35

proteins denatured by

Answer 35

stomach acid

Question 36

where is CCK released

Answer 36

SI

Question 37

where does CCK travel

Answer 37

to pancreas

Question 38

what does CCK trigger

Answer 38

the release of trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 39

must have adequate _ and _ for amino acid digestion

Answer 39

fat and carbs

Question 40

proteins roles

Answer 40

fluid balance, vital body structures, acid base balance, immune function, energy

Question 41

normal protein amount

Answer 41

.8g/kg

Question 42

athlete protein amount

Answer 42

1.2-2.0g/kg

Question 43

positive protein balance

Answer 43

growth, pregnancy, recovery, training

Question 44

negative protein balance

Answer 44

not enough protein or calories, fever, burns, infection, kidney disease

Question 45

PCM

Answer 45

NOT ENOUGH PROTEIN; kwashiomer, masarus

Question 46

kidney disease causes

Answer 46

not enough protein