exam 2

Question 1

ALA converts to _ or _ what percent of the time

Answer 1

DHA, EPA 9-20%

Question 2

hydrogenation

Answer 2

add H (trans fat); destroys some fatty acids

Question 3

phospholipids examples

Answer 3

egg yolk, soy beans, peanuts

Question 3

chylomicrons release

Answer 3

triglycerides into bloodstream (dietary fats)

Question 4

Vit _ needs fat for absorption

Answer 4

D

Question 5

sodium less than

Answer 5

2300 mg

Question 6

Methods to assess body comp:

Answer 6

skinfold, dexa, underwater weighing, bod pod, bioelectrical impedance

Question 6

BMI calculation

Answer 6

lbs/in2

Question 7

dipeptide

Answer 7

2 amino acids

Question 7

deamination

Answer 7

nitrogen removed and converted to urea; remnants are carbs or fat

Question 8

vegan

Answer 8

no animal products

Question 9

vegetarian

Answer 9

no meat and sometimes eggs (lacto)

Question 10

PCM

Answer 10

not enough protein (2 of them)

Question 11

complete protein=

Answer 11

lysine+ methonine

Question 12

dehydration synthesis

Answer 12

bonds proteins

Question 13

how much protein a serving

Answer 13

20 g protein/serving

Question 13

insulin

Answer 13

small protein

Question 14

is there a protein UL? Why?

Answer 14

no because not enough evidence

Question 15

transanimated

Answer 15

amino acid converted to a nonessential amino acid

Question 16

trypsin enzyme comes from where and splits what

Answer 16

pancreas; polypeptides into triple and dipeptides

Question 17

protein quality

Answer 17

amount of aa our body needs, not the food quality

Question 18

must eat complementary proteins

Answer 18

same meal or day

Question 19

nutrigenetics

Answer 19

same diet, dif response, genes cause diet

Question 20

nutrigenomics

Answer 20

diet causes dif genome response (physical/outward)

Question 21

fats roles

Answer 21

nerve impulse transmutation, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, cell membrane

Question 22

fatty acid

Answer 22

string of carbons (methyl and acid group)

Question 23

where was cholesterol produced and what is it's role?

Answer 23

produced by liver, used for hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D

Question 24

what do phospholipids consist of?

Answer 24

glycerol+2 fatty acids+phosphate

Question 25

chylomicron

Answer 25

brings dietary fat from SI to cells

Question 26

elevated triglycerides and LDL causes

Answer 26

CVD

Question 27

polyunsaturated fats include

Answer 27

fatty fish, plant oils, nuts

Question 28

transcription

Answer 28

DNA copy to mRNA

Question 29

translation

Answer 29

mRNA determines all (ribosomes)

Question 30

although only 9 are essential, are all amino acids important for protein synthesis?

Answer 30

YES

Question 31

protein roles

Answer 31

acid base balance, blood clot, fluid, hormones

Question 32

follow ____ for protein

Answer 32

AMDR

Question 33

quality proteins

Answer 33

quinoa and soy

Question 34

moderate quality proteins

Answer 34

legumes

Question 35

tortillas + beans

Answer 35

combining proteins

Question 36

pita + hummus

Answer 36

combining proteins

Question 37

bread + pb

Answer 37

combining proteins

Question 37

tips to gain weight

Answer 37

more snacks and add interest other than food

Question 37

rice + lentils

Answer 37

combining proteins

Question 38

tips to loose weight

Answer 38

smaller portions less often

Question 39

malnutrition causes

Answer 39

impaired brain and kidney function

Question 40

glycerol is a part of the _ structure

Answer 40

fat

Question 41

phosphate is part of the _ structure

Answer 41

fat

Question 42

fats branch off into

Answer 42

sterol, phospholipids, triglycerides

Question 43

triglycerides branch off into

Answer 43

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 44

fatty acids breaks down into

Answer 44

sat and unsat

Question 45

unsat breaks down into

Answer 45

monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Question 46

polyunsaturated breaks down into

Answer 46

omega 3 and omega 6

Question 47

sterol breaks down into

Answer 47

cholesterol

Question 48

why is it called an amino acid?

Answer 48

amino group and acid group (carboxyl)

Question 49

carboxyl is part of

Answer 49

protein structure

Question 50

acid group is part of

Answer 50

protein structure

Question 51

the side chain R is unique to

Answer 51

each amino acid

Question 52

where secreters lipase

Answer 52

salivary glands, stomach, pancreas

Question 53

4 lipoproteins

Answer 53

HDL, chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL

Question 54

Edema

Answer 54

swelling bc fluid enters tissue when protein falls

Question 55

trypsin is from

Answer 55

pancreas

Question 56

too much protein harms

Answer 56

impairs absorption of other nutrients

Question 57

3 ways to assess weight

Answer 57

BMI, BF, wasit circumference

Question 58

when does mRNA leave the nucleus and go to a ribosome

Answer 58

between transcription and translation; step 3

Question 59

trypsin splits

Answer 59

polypeptides

Question 60

which protein is the most simple

Answer 60

hydrogen filled (H)

Question 61

first step in atherosclerosis

Answer 61

injury to artery wall from INFLAMMATION

Question 62

1. injury to artery wall 2. minerals and platelets and oxidized ldl form plaque 3. foam cells form a fatty streak and calcify 4. narrowed arteries are risks for clots

Answer 62

READ CLOSELY; atherosclerosis

Question 63

cross over studies have their own _

Answer 63

controls (before and after comparison)

Question 64

mono unsat examples

Answer 64

peanut butter, olive oil, canola oil

Question 65

fish are high in _

Answer 65

mercury

Question 66

highest in mercury:

Answer 66

shark, swordfish, king macketer, tilefish

Question 67

menopause affects both _ and _ levels in women

Answer 67

calcium and iron