ch 8

Question 1

complex, carbon based structure

Answer 1

vitamin

Question 2

No caloric value
Essential
Deficiency without
We can make some but not all
Needed in very small amounts (mg/micrograms)
For optimal growth and health

Answer 2

vitamin

Question 3

Water soluble

Answer 3

b vitamins, vitamin c

Question 4

water soluble characteristics

Answer 4

Absorbed directly into bloodstream
Excreted in the urine
More easily lost in cooking
Still stay below UL

Question 5

fat soluble

Answer 5

A, D, E, K

Question 5

Vitamin A key functions

Answer 5

Low-light vision
Maintain epithelial cells, healthy immune function
Gene expression (activate or deactivate genes)

Question 6

fat soluble characteristics

Answer 6

Transported via chylomicrons
Stored in body tissues
Toxicities are more serious

Question 7

beta carotene

Answer 7

“pro-vitamin”- body can convert it to vitamin A

Question 8

b vitamins

Answer 8

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Folate
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Biotin
Pantothenic acid

Question 8

vitamin D

Answer 8

Maintain blood calcium and phosphorous levels

Question 9

vitamin E

Answer 9

Scavenges and stops free radicals in body (common, but not highly-reactive atoms that can damage the body due to an unpaired electron)
Other antioxidants are Vit C and beta carotene

Question 10

Vitamin K

Answer 10

helps synthesize blood clotting proteins

Question 11

vitamin C

Answer 11

Collagen synthesis, maintaining connective tissue
Wound healing
Antioxidant

Question 12

B vitamins roles in common

Answer 12

Act as coenzymes in cellular functions
Thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin release energy from macros
Folate: Dna/Rna synthesis, cell division
Vit 12: protects nerve fibers

Question 13

vitamin A food sources

Answer 13

Orange fruits and veggies
Leafy green veggies**
Fortified milk
Liver

Question 14

factors affecting vitamin D status

Answer 14

Age/
Far northern or southern latitudes?
Air pollution?
Clothing?
Dark skin pigmentation?
Sunscreen?

Question 14

polar bear liver provides

Answer 14

140x RDA for vitamin A

Question 15

Vitamin D food sources

Answer 15

Salmon and tuna
Fortified milk and cereal
THE SUN
Our body makes it when we are exposed to the sun
UV light activates

Question 16

folate food sources

Answer 16

Veggies, especially leafy greens
Citrus fruits

Question 16

riboflavin food sources

Answer 16

Enriched grains
Milk

Question 16

vitamin e food sources

Answer 16

Plant oils, nuts, seeds

Question 17

thiamin food sources

Answer 17

Enriched grains
Pork and other protein foods

Question 18

riboflavin sensitivity

Answer 18

UV light, irradiation destroy riboflavin
Store milk in cardboard or opaque containers

Question 18

niacin foods sources

Answer 18

Enriched grains
Mostly meat

Question 19

B12 food sources

Answer 19

Animal products Fortified soymilk and cereals

Question 20

vitamin C food sources

Answer 20

Colorful fruits and veggies

Question 21

Vit D deficiency

Answer 21

kids: rickets; adults: osteomalacia: soft bones

Question 21

Vit A deficiency

Answer 21

XEROPTHALMIA: night blindness; leads to total blindness

Question 21

KADE vitamins are..

Answer 21

fat soluble

Question 22

darker skin indicates

Answer 22

less vitamin D

Question 23

vitamin K deficiency

Answer 23

Hemorrhaging Rare except in infants (does not cross placenta wall, low in breastmilk, sterile gut) Vit K injection given first few days of life

Question 24

thiamin deficiency

Answer 24

(beriberi) Symptoms include muscle weakness, tingling, edema (wet only) Common in alcoholics (wenicke-korsakoff)

Question 25

riboflavin deficiency

Answer 25

Cheilosis: cracking and redness at corners of mouth Inflamed, painful, smooth, purplish red tongue

Question 26

Niacin deficiency

Answer 26

pellagra The four D's Dermatitis (skin rash) Diarrhea Dementia Death

Question 27

vit c is an

Answer 27

antioxidant

Question 28

vit k is

Answer 28

not an antioxidant

Question 29

folate toxicity

Answer 29

Hides signs of B12 deficiency B12 activates folate, deficiency in either can cause anemia Folic acid is already activated so anemia isn't noticed>neuro problems Other adults and vegans should be especially aware

Question 30

vit c TOXICITY

Answer 30

GI discomfort and diarrhea seen primarily at very large doses (3 g/day) UL= 2 g/day

Question 31

folate deficiency

Answer 31

anemia Cells are unable to divide: Mega elastic, big, bloated cells that cannot deliver oxygen as efficiently

Question 32

folate deficiency during pregnancy

Answer 32

Baby at risk for neural tube defects Neural tube closes in first 28 days Folate fortification since '96 has significantly reduced NTD Recommendation for women of childbearing age: 400 mcg/day of folic acid through supplements

Question 33

VITAMIN b12 deficiency

Answer 33

Nerve degeneration, death Anemia Same as folate Can. be from lack of intrinsic factor

Question 34

vit c deficiency

Answer 34

scurvy (george a smith) Easy bruising, slow wound healing Pinpoint hemorrhages Bleeding gums

Question 35

vit a toxicity

Answer 35

SERIOUS Birth defects Liver failure, death

Question 36

beta carotene toxicity

Answer 36

hypercarotenemia Misinterpreted at jaundice sometimes Orange skin Eating a whole bag of carrots

Question 37

vit D toxicity

Answer 37

Not from overexposure to sunlight Elevated blood calcium Calcification of soft tissues

Question 38

vit K toxicity

Answer 38

Rare, usually from supplements Opposes anti-clotting medications

Question 39

niacin toxicity

Answer 39

Skin flushing, hives, rash

Question 40

ALL B12 VITAMINS ARE

Answer 40

COENZYMES

Question 41

loss of vitamins occurs:

Answer 41

Heat/cooking, air/oxygen, light, and water

Question 42

can cans retain nutrient?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

is fresh still best?

Answer 43

yes