ch 5/23

Question 1

1. Can eukaryote cells be individual organisms?
2. How long ago did eukaryotes appear?
3. Evidence suggests evolution from prokaryotic organisms by ……. .
4. Organelles originated from ………….. …….. trapped inside them.
5. ER originates from ……….
6. Mitochondria originate from …………., and chloroplasts originate from ………..

Answer 1

1. Yes, protists
2. 2 billion years ago
3. symbiosis
4. prokaryotic cells
5. outfolding of the nucleus
6. small bacteria, cyanobacteria

Question 2

1. Rough ER is located ………….. and has ……… and is the site for ……… synthesis.
2. Smooth ER is closer or further away from nucleus? It is the site for ……….. and ……….. synthesis.
3. What do golgi bodies do?
4. What does the cytoskeleton do?
5. What do lysosomes contain?
6. What role do centrioles play?

Answer 2

1. right outside the nucleus, ribosomes, protein
2. further away, lipid and carb
3. engulf, prepare, and send products around and out of cell.
4. has microtubuals and filaments to support the structure of cell, and aid in motility
5. digestive enzymes
6. Responsible for making spindle fibers for mitosis and meiosis.

Question 3

1. What are gametes? Gametes are ………., denoted by ….. .
2. What is a zygote? zygotes are …………., denoted by …….. .

Answer 3

1. egg and sperm, haploid, n

2. a united sperm and egg, diploid, 2n

Question 4

1. What are the 4 phases of eukaryotic cells (not sex cells)?
2. What are the 4 parts of mitosis?

Answer 4

1. G1 = growth, S = interphase (DNA replication), G2 = 2nd growth phase, Mitosis
2. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 5

1. Name some other eukaryotes other than plants and animals

Answer 5

1. fungi, algae, protozoa, and parasitic worms

Question 6

1. What is a heterotroph?

2. What is an autotroph?

Answer 6

1. an organism that needs to consume other organisms for its organic substances (carbon).
2. organisms such as plants and algae that can produce their own food from sunlight and co2

Question 7

1. Fungi are …….trophic …………. .
2. Are the parasitic fungi obligate parasites?
3. What are fungal infections called?

4. Name the 6 types of fungi that cause the following ailments:
Athletes foot:
Candidiasis:
Aspergillosis (respiratory inf.):
Blastomycosis (respiratory):
Valley Fever (respiratory):
Histoplasmosis (respiratory):

Answer 7

1. heterotrophic saprobes
2. no
3. mycoses

4. trichophyton mentagrophytes (athletes foot)
Candida albicans
Aspergillus
Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma

Question 8

1. Name the organism that can be either uni or multicellular, living in fresh and marine water, that provides the basis of the aquatic food chain, and produces a lot of atmospheric O2:
2. While most algae is good, what is the dangerous algae called, and what bad does it do?
3. Eating contaminated shellfish causes …………. ………. …………… .
4. …………… in the surf zone and blowing onto the beach cause respiratory irritation in humans.

Answer 8

1. algae
2. Dinoflagellates. Causes red tide, infecting marine life with neurotoxin that people consume. Causes food poisoning.
3. paralytic shellfish poisoning PSP (saxitoxin)
4. Dinoflagellates (brevetoxin)

Question 9

1. Protozoa exist as …………, which is their active feeding stage .
2. Many can enter into a dormant resting stage when conditions are unfavorable for growth and feeding, called a ………. .
3. How do they reproduce?
4. What is the major protozoan pathogen, and what can it ultimately cause?
5. How is this disease transmitted and what does the plasmodium feed upon?
6. Who is immune to Malaria?
7. Name the second disease that protozoa can cause, and how it is spread:
8. who is especially at risk with this disease?

Answer 9

1. Trophozoites
2. cyst
3. all reproduce asexually, and some also reproduce sexually by conjugation.
4. malaria, can cause jaundice, kidney failure, and death
5. via mosquito bite which infects the liver. Feeds upon red blood cells
6. carriers of sickle cell anemia.
7. Toxoplasma spread through the feces of animals (cats especially).
8. fetuses

Question 10

1. Name the 2 types of parasitic flatworms:
2. How is trematodiases caused, and what does it cause?
3. How is a tapeworm infection acquired, and what two stages of it are there?

Answer 10

1. trematodes, and tape worms.
2. people consume veggies and fish with trematode larva. It causes severe liver and lung infection
3. infected by consuming larva on food or in water. Stage 1 is an intestinal infection, stage 2 is an invasive infection where the worms cause cysts and invade the tissues of the body.

Question 11

1. Name the two types of parasitic roundworms:
2. What is ascarisis?
3. What is the most common roundworm infections that people get from not wearing shoes in dirty places?

Answer 11

1. ascaris, and hook worm
2. a roundworm infection of the intestines that causes abdominal pain, sleeplessness, and can completely block the intestines.
3. hook worm disease.