Ch,6: Cells

Question 1

Basic features of all cells

Answer 1

plasma membrane
ribosomes
cytoplasm
DNA

Question 2

two types of cells exist

Answer 2

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 3

Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

3 billion years

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells include

Answer 4

protist, helminths, fungi, algae

Question 5

Characteristics of Prokaryotic cells

Answer 5

No nucleus
DNA is found in a region, the nucleoid
No membrane-bound organelles
Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm consists of cytosol and all the organelles

Question 6

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

DNA in a nucleus defined by a nuclear envelope
Membrane-bound organelles
Cytoplasm is the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 7

Difference between animal cells and plants cells

Answer 7

animal cell has lysosomes, centrioles, no cell wall

Plants cell wall has cellulose, chloroplast, central vacuole

Question 8

a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell

Answer 8

plasma membrane

Question 9

Makes up more than half of the total membrane in eukaryotic cells
Membranous structure, made up of membranes
Reticulating goes back and forth.Makes up half of the total membrane in Eukaryotic cells. ALWAYS CONNECTED TO THE NUCLEUS.
The XXXX is continuous with the nuclear envelope

Answer 9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Two types of ER

Answer 10

rough and smooth

Question 11

Functions of Smooth ER

Answer 11

Synthesizes lipids
Metabolizes carbohydrates
Detoxifies poison
Stores calcium

Question 12

Function of Rough ER

Answer 12

Has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates)
Distributes transport vesicles
Produces membranes

Question 13

contains most of the cell’s DNA and is usually the most conspicuous organelle

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm

Formed by the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

nuclear envelope

Question 15

In the nucleus, DNA and proteins form genetic material called XXXX
XXXXXX condenses during cell division to form discrete chromosomes

Answer 15

chromatin

Question 16

particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein

Answer 16

ribosomes

Question 17

Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in two locations:

Answer 17

In the cytosol (free ribosomes)

On the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum (bound ribosomes)

Question 18

consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae (storage)
Will become transport vesicles

Answer 18

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

Modifies products of the ER
Manufactures certain macromolecules
Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Question 20

is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest molecules also use enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules

Answer 20

lysosome

Question 21

occurs when a cells engulf particles (cellular eating)

Answer 21

phagocytosis

Question 22

(self-eating)

Answer 22

autophagy

Question 23

are formed by phagocytosis

Answer 23

food vacuoles

Question 24

found in many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells

Answer 24

contractile vacuole

Question 25

found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water

Answer 25

central vacuole

Question 26

are the sites of cellular respiration (vacuole) They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane “cristae” Surface area to occur

Answer 26

mitochondria

Question 27

The inner membrane creates two compartments:

Answer 27

inter membrane space and mitochondrial matrix

Question 28

is a large surface area for production of ATP

Answer 28

Cristae

Question 29

The chloroplast is a member of a family of organelles called contain the green pigment chlorophyll and enzymes that function in photosynthesis (ABSORB)

Answer 29

plastids

Question 30

Chloroplast structure includes

Answer 30

Thylakoids, membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum (less likely of chance to miss absorbing the light/energy) Stroma, the internal fluid

Question 31

a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm | It organizes the cell’s structures and activities, anchoring many organelles

Answer 31

cytoskeleton

Question 32

Cytoskeleton is composed of three types of molecular structures:

Answer 32

Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments

Question 33

In many cells, microtubules grow out from a XXXXXX near the nucleus

Answer 33

centrosome (area)

Question 34

In animal cells, the centrosome has a pair of XXXXX, each with nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring

Answer 34

centrioles

Question 35

distinguishes plant cells from animal cells Prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists also have XXXXX Protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water Made of cellulose fibers and proteins

Answer 35

cell walls

Question 36

are channels that perforate plant cell walls (pathways from one cytoplasm to another) Through XXXXX, water and small solutes can pass from cell to cell

Answer 36

plasmodesmata