Ch.4: Carbon and Macromolecules

Question 1

is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules
Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Many organic molecules, such as fats, have

Answer 2

Hydrocarbon

Question 3

are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

Answer 3

Isomers

Question 4

form the skeletons of most organic molecules

XXXXX vary in length and shape

Answer 4

Carbon chains

Question 5

have different covalent arrangements of their atoms

Answer 5

Structural isomers

Question 6

have the same covalent arrangements but differ in spatial arrangements

Answer 6

Geometric isomers

Question 7

are isomers that are mirror images of each other
are important in the pharmaceutical industry
Two XXXXX of a drug may have different effects
Differing effects of XXXXX demonstrate that organisms are sensitive to even subtle variations in molecules

Answer 7

enantiomers

Question 8

Distinctive properties of organic molecules depend

Answer 8

on the carbon skeleton

and on the molecular components attached to it

Question 9

are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions give each molecule its unique properties
Chemicals may be nearly identical structurally but have totally different effects

Answer 9

Functional groups

Question 10

seven functional groups that are most important in the chemistry of life

Answer 10

Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Sulfhydryl group
Phosphate group
Methyl group

Question 11

is the primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell

Answer 11

ATP