CH 6.2: Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

what does the info processing theory compare human cognition to?

A

computer hardware and software

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2
Q

3 components of mental hardware

A

sensory memory, working memory and long-term memory

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3
Q

sensory memory

A

unanalyzed info only held for a few seconds

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4
Q

working memory

A

active and cognitive manipulation of info

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5
Q

long-term memory

A

permanent storage of info

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6
Q

which memory is known to have some facts that are hard to access?

A

long-term

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7
Q

procedural memory

A

remembering how to do things

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8
Q

semantic memory

A

memory of facts

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9
Q

episodic memory

A

memory for an individual’s unique events experienced

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10
Q

some basic mental tasks that mental software refers to

A

reading, doing math, finding one’s way to school

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11
Q

steps of mental software

A
  1. understand question
  2. search memory for list (of previously accomplished similar tasks)
  3. compare question with list
  4. respond
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12
Q

neo-Piagetian approach

A

movement from one of Piaget’s stages to another was due to advancements in info processing skills

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13
Q

habituation vs dishabituation

A

habituation: as the stimulus becomes more familiar to us, we respond to it less
dishabituation: becoming actively aware of the stimulus again

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14
Q

orienting response

A

a physical reaction to a strong/unfamiliar stimulus

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15
Q

how is orienting useful to infants?

A

it makes them aware of potentially dangerous events

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16
Q

infants who are more efficient at processing information tend to have higher what throughout early childhood?

A

executive function

17
Q

classical conditioning

A

a previously neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally produced by an unconditioned reinforcer

18
Q

operant conditioning

A

how consequences affect whether or not the preceding behavior will continue to occur

19
Q

4 ways that children learn

A

habituation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, imitation

20
Q

3 important features of a 2-3mo old’s memory

A
  1. past event is remembered
  2. over time, event can no longer be recalled
  3. a cue can recall the supposed forgotten memory
21
Q

phenomenon of humans not remembering much from when they were under 3-4yrs old

A

infantile amnesia

22
Q

possible explanations of infantile amnesia

A

-we rely on language to represent our past
-a sense of self (achieved around 3yrs old) serves as the basis for organizing the events in our life

23
Q

what did babies do that signified they can distinguish between objects based on number?

A

after becoming habituated to pictures of 2 objects they stared longer at a new picture of 3 objects

24
Q

egocentric frame of reference (Piaget)

A

infants think of the position of objects exclusively in terms of its position relative to themselves (infant’s understanding early on of env. is limited)

25
objective frame of reference (Piaget)
infants think of an object's location relative to the position of other objects
26
children shift from _____ to ______ frame of reference
egocentric to objective
27
2 scales of the Bayley scales of infant development
mental and motor
28
one challenge to the use of psyc. tests to measure differences in infants
often don't validly assess people from all cultures, specifically Indigenous people
29
are infant intelligence test scores generally related to intelligence scores in later childhood?
no
30
what hormone has an impact on learning and memory in infants?
cortisol