CH 7.4: Temperament

Question 1

temperament

Answer 1

an infant’s mood and style

Question 2

define “slow to warm up” babies

Answer 2

babies who tend to be unhappy, don’t adjust well to newness, but are relatively inactive in their responses

Question 3

Thomas and Chess’s nine dimensions of temperament

Answer 3

activity level
rhythmicity
approach/withdrawal
distractibility
adaptability
reaction intensity
mood
threshold
attention span/persistence

Question 4

Buss and Plomin’s three temperamental dimensions (and definitions)

Answer 4

emotionality: strength of an infant’s response and its ease at being triggered/calmed
activity: tempo/vigour of movements
sociability: extent that a baby prefers to be with people

Question 5

what 2 main types of child temperament were observed in preschool children?

Answer 5

bold/exuberant and shy/socially withdrawn

Question 6

moth theorists agree that temperament reflects what? (2)

Answer 6

heredity and experience

Question 7

which type of twins are more alike in temperament?

Answer 7

identical > fraternal

Question 8

hypothesis derived from discovering that infants upset by novel stimulus have narrower faces

Answer 8

genes influence levels of hormones that affect facial growth AND temperament

Question 9

babies often develop negative temperaments and lack confidence when their mothers what?

Answer 9

are abrupt to them

Question 10

what is the general consensus about the stability of temperament during the infant and toddler years?

Answer 10

it’s somewhat stable

Question 11

what key thing can infant temperament shape/determine?

Answer 11

the experiences their parents provide

Question 12

difficult temperaments is found to be strongly positive correlated to ________ problems in early childhood

Answer 12

behavioral

Question 13

which types of children are more; less likely to succeed in school?

Answer 13

persistent; active/distractible

Question 14

what type of children are more likely to comply with their parents requests?

Answer 14

anxious/fearful

Question 15

how do inhibited (shy) children tend to react when they see someone is suffering?

Answer 15

they may express concern but their shyness makes them apprehensive and prevents them from taking action

Question 16

temperament is said to rarely act alone. what else does it act with?

Answer 16

environment

Question 17

what does a child’s temperament influence?

Answer 17

their behaviour towards other, development, and it can predict aspects of a child’s future (marriage, having kids, etc)

Question 18

what are the 3 most common types of babies from the New York Longitudinal Study?

Answer 18

difficult, easy and slow-to-warm-up