ch. 7 pt. 2

Question 1

the study of the actions or the outcome elicited by drugs when the site of action is reached

Answer 1

pharmacodyanmics

Question 2

Pharmacodynamic effects can be

1. ____
2. ___
3. ___

Answer 2

1. therapeutic
2. Diagnostic
3. Adverse

Question 3

To show the vascular lumen on an x-ray, serum iodine concentration must be ____ mg/ml

• how must it be injected

Answer 3

• 280-370 mg/ml
• must contain large amount of iodine
• must be injected at a rate higher than blood flow

Question 4

Can adverse affects occur from ROCM

Answer 4

yes!

1 in 20,000-40,000 pts. die

Question 5

True or false: the blood stream has a higher osmolar weight than ROCM

Answer 5

False:

Question 6

IV administration of ROCM will cause ____.

Answer 6

Rise in intravascular osmotic pressure

which then fluid from extravascular space is drawn into the lumen to balance pressure

Question 7

Fluid extraction from surrounding tissue occurs from where

Answer 7

1. RBC
2. Endothelium
3. Extravascular space

Question 8

____ is thought to be responsible for vasodilation and flushing symptoms

Answer 8

Less fluid outside the vessles and more fluid inside the vessels

Question 9

After ROCM injection ,____ dilutes the the ROCM producing a _______ state

Answer 9

1. Cardiovascular system

2. Intravascular hypoosmolar state

Question 10

When hyperosmolar ROCM is injected into the carotid arteries, this results in _____ osmotic pressure changes

Answer 10

intraarterial

this then stimulate barroreceptors and chemoreceptors

these receptors cause the the ANS to slow down HR and drop aortic pressure

Pt. can then faint = vasovagal reaction

Question 11

_____ reaction occurs when rocm is injected into the carotid arteries , causing intraarterial osmotic pressure changes that stiumlate barroreceptors and chemoreceptors. these receptors cause the ANS to slow down and drop aortic pressure . results in fainting

Answer 11

vasovagal reaction

Question 12

For patients with chronic CHF, intravascular osmotic shifts can cause _____.

name 2 symptoms

Answer 12

Acute heart failure

1. PE (pulmonary edema)
2. Tachy or brady cardia

Question 13

For patients with CHF who can go into acute heart failure , what 2 medications are used therapeutically

Answer 13

1. diuretics

2. Cardiac stimulators

Question 14

What is the cause of Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

Answer 14

ROCM cheating to Ca ions in the cardiovascular system

Question 15

High-osmolality ROCM can cause blood to thin which results in

1. ___
2. ____

Answer 15

1. Bleeding
2. Bruising

** does not occur with low osmolality ROCM*

Question 16

Have a role in immediately life-threatening reaction mimicking an anaphylactic reaction that can occur with ROCM

Answer 16

anaphylactoid reactions

Question 17

immediately life-threatening, systemic hypersensitivity reaction

List 2 symptoms

Answer 17

Anaphylaxis

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting

Question 18

is Anaphylaxis fatal

Answer 18

yes if not treated immediate

Question 19

____ exposure to the same substance stimulates sensitized mast cells to release dangerous chemicals

Answer 19

2nd

Question 20

Which exposure to a substance sensitizes the mast cell for future events

Answer 20

1 st exposure

Question 21

____ mimics anaphylactic reactions, but with no prior exposure to sensitize mast cell to ROCM

Answer 21

Anaphylactoid reaction

*** just as lethal as anaphylaxis

Question 22

ROCM is responsible for ____% of all acute renal failure (ARF)

Answer 22

10 %

Question 23

what is the 3rd most common cause of nonsocomial ARF

Answer 23

ROCM

Question 24

urine output less than or equal to 400 mL/day

Answer 24

oliguric

Renal failure may not be reversible

Question 25

urine output < 500mL/day

Answer 25

nonoliguric it is a reversible short event

Question 26

Patients at risk for ARF are 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ____

Answer 26

1. pre-existing renal compromise 2. Diabetes 3. dehydration

Question 27

4 drugs are used to prevent renal dysfunction of ROCM

Answer 27

1. Half noramal saline 2. Fendolopam 3. Acetyl cystenie 4. Sodium bicarbonate

Question 28

this drug used to prevent renal dysfunction after ROCM is a potent vasodilatory effects for hypertensive emergencies

Answer 28

Fendoldopam

Question 29

Prophylactic drug used to prevent renal dysfunction

Answer 29

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 30

Rare but potentially fatal adverse effect of iodine rich ROCM is known as _____ it is caused by? List 2 symptoms

Answer 30

Thyroid storm patient who have decompensated thyrotixicosis 1. Fever 2. Tachycardia

Question 31

___ is the condition in which Body becomes unable to tolerate thyroid hormones

Answer 31

Decompensated thyrotoxicosis

Question 32

List 3 general adverse reactions to ROCM

Answer 32

1. Nausea 2. Vomiiting 3. Flushing

Question 33

List 3 adverse CNS effects

Answer 33

1. Nervousness 2. Confusion 3. Anxiety

Question 34

List 3 adverse effects of the site of IV

Answer 34

1. Burning 2. Pain 3. Numbness