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RT 472: pathology/ venipuncture > Ch. 9 Infection Prevention & control > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Infection Prevention & control Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Define microorgnisms

A

Organisms that are too small to be seen w/o a mircroscope

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2
Q

List the 4 types of microorganisms

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Viruses
  3. Protozoa
  4. Fungi
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3
Q

Unicellular orginsms that can be spherical, rods shaped , sprial or comma is known as?

A

Bateria

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4
Q

How can bacteria be reproduced?

A

by cell division every 20 minutes

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5
Q

____ is toxic to mamals and is responsible for producing high fevers associated with bacterial infections

A

Endotoxins

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6
Q

Define endospores

A

highly resistant forms of bacteria _

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7
Q

Which type of bacteria (gram - or gram + ) is less receptive to antibiotics and why?

A

Gram -

because it has 2 membrane layers which makes is more harder to treat

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8
Q

which microorganism is the simplest form of life

A

viruses

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9
Q

Virsus are found in ____ of the body

A

cells

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10
Q

What are 2 major concerns about viruses

A
  1. Limited drugs available

2. Ability of virus to mutate

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11
Q

Unicellular and colonial organisms that exhibit characteristics of animal life are _____

A

Protozoa

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12
Q

Microoranisms that are capable of causing disease is termed _____

A

Pathogens

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13
Q

What is a necessary component for disease or infection

A
  1. Presence of pathogens
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14
Q

Name the elements of chain of infection

A
  1. pathogen
    (has to be a big enough # to infect the body and virulent)
  2. Reservoirs
    (where organism can thrive and multiply)
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transport
    (hands, air, water droplets, vectors, formites)
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Host
    (person who has decreased resistance to infection)
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15
Q

How can quantity and virulence of a pathogen be destroyed

A

infection control practices such as :

  • -hand washing ,
  • -sterilzation
  • -disinfecting.
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16
Q

Complete destruction of all microbes by both chemical and physical means

A

Sterilazation

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17
Q

In which period is a patient most infectious?

A

during incubation period

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18
Q

insects or animals that carry disease are known as ____

A

vectors

ex. mosquitos, tics, birds

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19
Q

when a host comes in direct contact with another is known as _____.

A

direct contact

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20
Q

A form of indirect contact is known as ____

A

Fomite

ex.
- x-ray table
- Wall Bucky

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21
Q

Contamination spread by water droplets or dust is known as ____?

22
Q

List 3 examples of portal of entry

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. open wounds
  2. Skin abrasions
  3. Eyes
23
Q

path through which a pathogen can enter the body of the susceptible host is known as _____.

Study These Flashcards
A

Portal of entry

24
Q

_____ is a person who has reduced resistance to infection

Study These Flashcards
A

susceptible host

25
What is nonsocomial infection
Infection acquired during a hospital stay is known as _____.
26
what is the most common nosocomial infection spread in the hospital
UTI
27
_____ was created to deal with hepatits , HIV and TB
universal precautions
28
Which hepatits is transmitted through feces and oral route
Hep A & E It is acute meaning that you can recover from this
29
Which hepatitis is blood borne
Hep B, C &and D
30
Name the virus that reduces the host's resistance to infection Which cells does it kill?
HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus) | it destroys T-lymphocytes
31
What does AIDS stand for? What is it? How does it spread
Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome It is a developed illness stage of an HIV+ person Transferred through blood
32
What does TB stand ? What is its nick name ? How is it spread?
Tuberculosis aka: (consumption ) Spread by airborne particles
33
Health care works should try to stop transmission from the ____ to the _____.
Reservoir to the susceptible host
34
What stops the infection cycle
removing 1 of the 6 steps in the chain of infection
35
The state of being free of living pathogenic organisms
Medical asepsis
36
What is the first step in the gloving process
Wash hands
37
Gloves should be put on _____ and removed _____
last , last
38
What are some instances in which masks, protective eyewear and gowns should be used?
During: - Cardiac caths - Severe trauma - Arterograms
39
What is a fomite | Name 3 examples
objects that carry pathogens ex: uniforms, soiled linens and scrubs bed sheets
40
Contaminated waste disposal is regulated by which 2 agencies?
OSHA and EPA
41
What is the primary mode of occupational transmission of HIV and HBV in heath care settings?
Needlestick injuries
42
When should sharps container be replaced?
when they are 2/3's full
43
In an instance in which a health care worker is exposed to the parenteral route or mucous membrane with blood or body fluid what medication is given within 24 hrs?
a chemoprophylaxis called Combivir
44
What is bacteria? Name an example How does it reproduce?
Unicellular organisms that can be sphereical, rod shaped, spiral or comma-shaped. Ex: Cocci Bacilli -It can reproduce every 20 minutes
45
Which gram staining does not retain violet in lab?
Gram - because it has a dual lipid membrane
46
What is a virus? Where does it live? How does it reproduce?
1. simplest form of life - Lives inside the cell - Reproduces by using organelles and metabolic functions of the host cell
47
What is a protozoa? How is it transmitte How is it classified?
Unicellular colonial organism that has characteristics of animal life - Transmitted through - feces - insect bite Classified according to motility: - Amoeba like- feet - Flagellate- whips - Ciliar - hair - Nonmotile aka sessile
48
What is the medical term for fungal disease?
Mycoses
49
Describe fungi. | List 3 examples
* Can be pathogenic * Need abundant moisture and oxygen * Reproduce through spore formation EX: 1. Mushrooms 2. Yeast 3. Mold
50
What are the 4 modes of transportation
1. Direct contact 2. Fomite (indirect contact) 3. Vector

RT 472: pathology/ venipuncture (15 decks)

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