CH03: Paralysis and Weakness

Question 1

how to differentiate L5 motor root paralysis from peroneal nerve

Answer 1

check foot inversion

Question 2

law stating for flexion to be smooth, the extensor muscle must relax at the same rate

Answer 2

Sherrington Law

Question 3

alpha neurons of antagonistic muscles inhibited through disynaptic rather than monosynaptic connections

Answer 3

Reciprocal Inhibiton

Question 4

negative feed back by Renshaw cells through inhibitory synapses of alpha motor neurons

Answer 4

Recurrent inhibition

Question 5

Main neurotransmitters of the descending corticospinal tract

Answer 5

Aspartate and Glutamate

Question 6

Recurrent inhibition neurotransmitter

Answer 6

Glycine

Question 7

Inhibitory neurotransmitter of interneurons

Answer 7

GABA

Question 8

only direct long- fiber connection between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord

Answer 8

Corticospinal tract

Question 9

Number of Betz cells

Answer 9

25,000 to 25,000 cells

Question 10

Which tracts cross first (more rostrally) in the CS tract

Answer 10

Upper limb

Question 11

Occasional instances of facial palsy from brainstem lesions caudal to the midpons due to this anatomical structure

Answer 11

Pick bundle

Question 12

Percent of CST fibers establish direct connections with large motor neurons of the anterior horns

Answer 12

10 to 20 percent

Question 13

most anterior portion of area 6

Answer 13

supplementary motor area

Question 14

readiness potential

Answer 14

Bereitschaft potential

Question 15

Lesions here show involuntary grasping

Answer 15

Supplementary motor cortex

Question 16

Activation of paralyzed muscles as parts of certain automatisms

Answer 16

Synkenisas

Question 17

Law showing central vs peripheral facial palsy

Answer 17

Broadbent’s law

Question 18

First muscles to demonstrate spasticity

Answer 18

Antigravity muscles

Question 19

Pathophysiology of spasticity is due to this; hence, inhibitory effects on stretch reflexes

Answer 19

Dorsal reticulospinal tract

Question 20

Pathophysiology of spasticity is due to this; hence, facilitate extensor toe response

Answer 20

Medial reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts

Question 21

Series of rhythmic involuntary muscle contractions occuring at a frequency of 5 to 7 Hz in response

Answer 21

Clonus

Question 22

Failure to conceive or formulate an action to command

Answer 22

Ideational Apraxia

Question 23

Failure to execute an action to command

Answer 23

Ideomotor Apraxia

Question 24

Clumsiness and maladroitness result of an inability to fluidly connect or to isolate individual movements of the hands and arm

Answer 24

Limb- kinetic Apraxia

Question 25

Localization of apraxia

Answer 25

Supramarginal gyrys

Question 26

Localization of oral- buccal lingual apraxia

Answer 26

Left supramarginal gyrus or the left motor association cortex

Question 27

Usual disease with alien hand syndrome

Answer 27

Opposite ACA infarction inc corpus callosum

Question 28

Disease due to dural thickening

Answer 28

Morquio disease

Question 29

Test to check for paralysis due to hysteria

Answer 29

Hoover Test