CH34: Craniocerebral Trauma Flashcards
(28 cards)
Most common cause of diplopia occurring unilaterally twice as often as bilaterally (p. 908)
Trochlear nerve palsy
Transvere fractures through petrous bone (p. 909)
immediate facial palsy
Longitudinal fracture of petrous bone (p. 909)
facial palsy delayed for several days
How many percent of carotid cavernous fistula resolve spontaneously? (p. 909)
5-10%
More elaborate way to distinguish rhinorrhea? (p. 909)
tau protein
Mucus vs CSF (p. 909)
Mucus: stiffen handkerchief. CSF: no
Concussion symptoms (p. 909)
transient loss of consciousness, amnesia after a blow to the head, transient arrest of respirations, period of bradycardia, fall in blood pressure
Shock waves traveling through the brain and disrupts neural function throughout the cerebral hemisphere or in the reticular formation of the midbrain (p. 910)
Blast injury
One index of severity of concussive injury (p. 911)
anterograde amnesia
Zones subjected to the greatest torque in cases of severe head injury (p. 913)
midbrain and subthalamus
GCS that reflect severe trauma (p. 914)
Equal of below 7
New Orleans Criteria (p. 915)
GCS 15 patients HAVE PDS Headache Age > 60 Vomiting Evidence of traumatic soft tissue or bone injury above clavicles Persistent anterograde amnesia Drug or alcohol intoxication Seizure
Canadian CT Rule (p. 915)
GCS 13-15 HIgh risk of neurosurgical intervention GCS < 15 within 2h of surgery Suspected open or depressed skull fracture Any sign of basal skull fracture Two or more episodes of vomiting Age > 54 Moderate risk of brain injury at CT scan Retrograde amnesia > 30mins Dangerous mechanism
Drug which showed slight emergence from vegetative r minimally conscious state (p. 917)
Amantadine, given 4-12 weeks
The dilation of ipsilateral pupil is a fairly reliable indicator to the side of hematoma although this sign may be misleading in how many percent of cases (p. 920)
10%
Most important factor in the expansion of subdural fluid in SDH (p. 921)
pathologic permeability of the developing capillaries in the outer psuedomembrane of the hematoma
In blast injury, after the brain which is the next organ most often affected? (p. 923)
lung
Autonomic Dysfunction (Storm) Syndrome drug (p. 925)
Bromocriptine with sedatives
Most prominent feature of acute and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (p. 925)
Memory disorder
Pathologic findings in traumatic encephalopathy (p. 926)
Alzheimers NF but NOT Lewy bodies
Absence of discrete amyloid plaques
extensive immunoreactive deposits of beta- amyloid
This finding came to define chronic traumatic encephalopathy (p. 927)
Tau protein
Post concussion syndrome symptoms (p. 927)
Headache, dizziness, poor endurance, lack of mental clarity
Also found with the vertigo of postconcussion syndrome (p. 927)
Diminished excitability of both the labyrinth and chochlea
Strongest predictor of post concussion syndrome (p. 928)
Previous anxiety disorder
