CH25: Autonomic Nervous System, Respiration, Swallowing

Question 1

Main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic postganglionic connection (p. 547)

Answer 1

Norepinephrine

Question 2

Main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic postganglionic connection (p. 547)

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

T/F The neurons in the Onuf nucleus tend not to be involved in the degenerative process (p. 551)

Answer 3

T

Question 4

The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal gray matter from (p. 551)

Answer 4

8th cervical to 2nd lumbar segments

Question 5

How many sympathetic ganglia in the spine (p. 551)

Answer 5

3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 to 6 lumbar

Question 6

clear vesicles (p. 552)

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

dense core (p. 552)

Answer 7

catecholamines/ norepinephrine

Question 8

Main visceral afferent nucleus (p. 552)

Answer 8

Nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 9

Highest levels of autonomic integration (p. 552)

Answer 9

Ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate cortices

Question 10

Role of hypothalamus in the autonomics (p. 552)

Answer 10

Sympathetic: posterior and lateral; Parasympathetic: anterior

Question 11

Law stating one neuron elaborates only one neurotransmitter (p. 553)

Answer 11

Dale’s principle

Question 12

Sensitive to pulse pressure (p. 554)

Answer 12

carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 13

Sensitive to alterations of blood volume (p. 554)

Answer 13

R heart chambers and pulmonary vessels

Question 14

S2-S4 ventrolateral part (p. 555)

Answer 14

Onuf’s nucleus

Question 15

S2-S4 mediodorsal part (p. 555)

Answer 15

anal sphincter innervation

Question 16

The dominant neurotransmitter of the enteric nerves (p. 556)

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Testing of blood pressure and heart rate, orthostatic hypotension (p. 557)

Answer 17

decrease in 30mmHg systolic, 15mmHg diastolic

Question 18

Most common form of neurally mediated syncope (p. 558)

Answer 18

Mixed syncope

Question 19

Sensitive measure of the integrity of vagal inhibition of the sinus node (p. 558)

Answer 19

RR intervals 30:15 ratio

Question 20

Valsalva maneuver to test autonomic dysfunction (p. 560)

Answer 20

Sympathetic: failure of HR to increase during positive intrathoracic pressure of Valsalva; Parasympathetic: failure of the rate to slow during prior of BP overshoot

Question 21

Preferred method of studying sweating and the function of distal sympathetic fibers (p. 560)

Answer 21

QSART Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test

Question 22

Phenomenon of denervation hypersensitivity in which an effector organ 2-3 week after denervation becomes hypersensitive to its particular neurotransmitter substance and related drugs (p. 561)

Answer 22

Cannon Law

Question 23

Deficient in patients with rare form of sympathetic dysautonomia (p. 562)

Answer 23

dopamine b- hydroxylase

Question 24

POTS antibody (p. 563)

Answer 24

A3 acetylcholine receptor

Question 25

Mutation in Riley-Day syndrome (p. 565)

Answer 25

IBKAP that codes for protein IKAP

Question 26

Combination of segmental anhidrosis and an Adie pupil (p. 566)

Answer 26

Ross syndrome

Question 27

Treatment for Renaud's phenomenon (p. 568)

Answer 27

Nifedipine

Question 28

Lower abdominal compression and abdominal straining (p. 569)

Answer 28

Crede maneuver

Question 29

Cauda equina disease from CMV (p. 569)

Answer 29

Elsberg syndrome

Question 30

well- delineated pontine nucleus for micturition, that is controversial (p. 570)

Answer 30

Barrington nucleus

Question 31

Mutation in Hirschsprung disease (p. 571)

Answer 31

RET oncogene; endothelin receptor

Question 32

Acts as "on-off" switches in the transition between inspiration and expiration (p. 573)

Answer 32

paired neurons in the dorsal pons

Question 33

Dominant generator of the respiratory rhythm (p. 573)

Answer 33

DRG

Question 34

Receptors influenced by changes in pH and by hypoxia (p. 574)

Answer 34

chemoreceptors in the carotid artery

Question 35

less important detectors of hypoxia (p. 574)

Answer 35

Aortic body receptors

Question 36

Shortened inspiration and decreased tidal volume triggered by excessive lung expansion (p. 574)

Answer 36

Herring-Breur reflex

Question 37

loss of automatic respiration during sleep with preserved voluntary breathing (p. 575)

Answer 37

Ondine's curse

Question 38

How often normal person swallows in a minute? (p. 576)

Answer 38

Once