Ch.10 Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
A complication of meningococcal meningitis where lesions form in the adrenal glands and causes hormone imbalances; caused by an endotoxin released in the blood
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
2
Q
A complication of Streptococcal pharyngitis; an inflammation characterized by fever and joint pain
A
Rheumatic fever
3
Q
A condition caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae in young adults and S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae among middle-aged and older individuals
A
Bacterial bronchitis
4
Q
A dangerous form of meningitis caused by N. meningitidis that attaches to the nasopharyngeal mucosa by pili
A
Meningococcal meningitis
5
Q
A delayed hypersensitivity test that begins with the application of a purified protein derivative (PPD) of M. tuberculosis to the skin
A
Tuberculin reaction
6
Q
A distinctive “fried-egg” colony appears when this microorganism is put on blood agar
A
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
7
Q
A form of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenza Type b
A
Haemophilus meningitis
8
Q
A form of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
A
Pneumococcal meningitis
9
Q
A fragile organism that does not survive easily in the environment
A
N. meningitidis
10
Q
A fragile, pleomorphic bacterium that is recognized as one of the smallest bacterial species causing human diseases
A
Mycoplasma pneumonia
11
Q
A hard nodule consisting of phagocytosed but undestroyed bacilli, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts and forming a mass in the lung
A
Tubercle
12
Q
A mild infection which causes an influenza-like illness that lasts 2 to 5 days but does not cause pneumonia
A
Pontaic fever
13
Q
A more insidious form of pneumonia often including symptoms as fever, cough, headache, and myalgia.
A
Atypical pneumonia
14
Q
A prophage-encoded exotoxin that inhibits the translation process by ribosomes resulting in a pseudomembrane is secreted by
A
Corynebacterium diphtheria
15
Q
A term used to reflect the more widespread occurrence of Psittacosis in bird species
A
Ornithosis
16
Q
A thick, raised, red welt
A
Induration
17
Q
A type of Pneumonia that refers to patients complaining of a cough, fever, and chest pain
A
Typical pneumonia
18
Q
Acid-fast bacteria causing TB
A
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
19
Q
Active tuberculosis developing throughout the body to the liver, kidney, meninges and bone
A
Miliary (disseminated) tuberculosis
20
Q
Additional mechanical methods to eliminate microbes trapped in the mucus of the respiratory tract
A
Sneezing and coughing
21
Q
Aerobic, club-shaped, gram-positive rod
A
Corynebacterium diphtheria characteristics (O2, Gram,shape)
22
Q
Aerobic, gram-negative, rod
A
Legionella pneumophila characteristics (O2, gram, shape)
23
Q
Agent of one type of pneumonia, causes primary disease or secondary disease in alcoholics or people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A
Klebsiella pneumonia
24
Q
Agent of pneumococcal pneumonia
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
25
Agent of Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
26
Alveolar fluid containing IgG and lysozymes is a kind of
Filtering out foreign molecules in the LRT
27
Alveolar macrophages recruiting neutrophils from the pulmonary capillaries is a mechanism
To help clear the invaders of the LRT
28
An accumulation of dead tissue, mucus, WBCs, and fibrous materials
Pseudomembrane
29
An enzyme released by S. pyogenes and converts plasminogen into plasmin
Streptokinase
30
An unencapsulated bacterial strain that causes pneumonia in 10% of hospital-acquired pneumonia cases
Haemophilus influenzae
31
Bacteria often found on the skin
Group A streptococci (GAS)
32
Bacteria that are part of the skin microbiota and also present in external nares:
PC: Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium
33
Bacteria that could live and grow within the protective confines of waterborne protozoa living in aquatic environments
Legionella pneumophila
34
Bacterial cells grow and secrete toxins causing damage to pharyngeal tissue and inflammation of the tonsils and oropharynx in
Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)
35
Bacterial cells remain in clumps after multiplying and form a palisade arrangement
Corynebacterium diphtheria
36
Bacterium that exists where water collects(lakes, stagnant pools, air-conditioning units) and apparently becomes airborne in wind gusts and breezes
Legionella pneumophila
37
Bronchitis persisting for more than three months
Chronic bronchitis
38
Cause of the rash resulting in blood leaking through the walls of capillaries in Scarlet fever
Prophage-encoded erythrogenic exotoxins carried by certain strains of S. pyogenes
39
Caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chlamydial pneumonia
40
Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila
Atypical pneumonia
41
Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus inluenza Type b
Bacterial meningitis
42
Caused by S. pyogenes and is carried in the troat;an inflammation of the tonsils;surgery was the standard treatment
Tonsillitis
43
Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Typical pneumonia
44
Causes Streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and acute glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenes
45
Condition caused by Bordetella Pertussis
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough
46
Condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
47
Condition caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococus, or Pseudomonas whose treatment involves application of antibiotic ear drops
Otitis externa
48
Condition characterized by the infection and inflammation of the main airways to the lungs, an increase in mucus production, and narrowing of air passages
Acute bronchitis
49
Condition developing from a blockage at the openings to the sinuses
Acute sinusitis
50
Condition involving long-term infection, inflammation and damage to the middle ear and Eustachian tube obstruction
Chronic otitis media(COM)
51
Condition starting with a common cold infection of the URT by S.pneumoniae and H.influenza and then traveling through the Eustachian tube to the middle ear and causing fluid buildup and an environment for bacterial growth.
Acute otitis media
52
Condition where most individuals remain asymptomatic, while some experience a bronchopneumonia
Q fever
53
Condition where N. meningitidis invades the nonciliated epithelium and spreads to the blood
Meningococcemia
54
Condition whose symptoms resemble those of primary atypical pneumonia
Psittacosis
55
Damage arising from a response of the body's antibodies to streptococcal M proteins cross reacting with similar proteins on heart muscle occurs in
Rheumatic heart disease
56
Disease consisting of an influenza-like URT infection caused by N. meningitidis
Meningococcal pharyngitis
57
Disease that does not develop unless the defenses of the body are compromised; mortality rate is highest among infants, the elderly, and those with underlying medical conditions.
Pneumococcal pneumoniae
58
Disease that is clinically similar to psittacosis and primary atypical pneumonia
Chlamydial pneumonia
59
Disease that occurs in older adults and people with a weakened immunity;Human-to-human transmission does not occur
Legionnaires' disease
60
Disease transmitted from animals to humans
Zoonotic
61
Dormant form of TB where the tubercle undergoes fibrosis and calcification
Latent TB infection
62
DTaP vaccine
Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine
63
Encompasses both Legionnaires' disease and Pontaic fever
Legionellosis
64
Facultative, gram-positive coccus
Streptococcus pyogenes characteristics (O2, Gram,shape)
65
Facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus
Staphylococcus aureus characteristics (O2, gram, shape)
66
Fluid trapped in the sinuses and WBCs trying to fight the infection cause
Increased pressure in the sinuses and more pain
67
Fluid trapped in the sinuses becomes a nutrient growth medium for S. pneumonia and H. influenza
Acute sinusitis
68
Form of K. pneumonia which is characterized by sudden onset and gelatinous reddish-brown sputum
Primary lobar pneumonia
69
Form of K. pneumonia which occurs in already ill individuals and is a nosocomial disease
Secondary disease
70
Generation time is 18 hours and the incubation period is relatively long
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
71
Gram-negative, rod
Coxiella burnetti characteristics (gram, shape)
72
Gram-negative, rod, opportunistic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa characteristics (gram, shape, opportunistic or not)
73
Gram-positive, diplococcus
Streptococcus pneumonia characteristics (gram, shape)
74
Have no cell wall, no gram reaction and no sensitivity to penicillin
Mycoplasma pneumonia
75
If Staphyloccoccus aureus cells infect the lungs, this condition occurs
Necrotizing pneumonia
76
Illness that occurs in previously healthy individuals and the organism differs from the typical pneumococcus
Primary atypical pneumonia
77
Immunization is done by injecting a toxoid which is part of the DtaP vaccine
Diphtheria
78
Immunization is done with Hib vaccine
Epiglottitis
79
Infection of the epiglotis by H. influenza or S. pneumonia
Epiglottitis
80
Infections occuring due to the excessive moisture in the ear canal, resulting in irritations and breaks in the skin of the canal and allowing bacterial cells to penetrate
Swimmer's ear
81
Inflammation of the external ear
Otitis externa
82
Inflammation of the nasal passages
Rhinitis
83
Inflammation of the sinuses
Sinusitis
84
Initial stage of pertussis marked by general malaise and increasingly severe cough
Catarrhal
85
Injection of PPD intradermally into the forearm
Mantoux test
86
Involves the entrapment of microbes and particulate matter larger than 2 micrometers in a layer of mucus, which is then moved by ciliated epithelial cells towards the pharynx where it is either swallowed or expectorated
Mucociliary clearance
87
Large particles removed by hairs in the nostril is a kind of
Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose
88
Long-range effect of rheumatic fever resulting in permanent scarring and distortion of the heart valves
Rheumatic heart disease
89
Lower respiratory tract (LRT) is composed of:
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
90
Lysozyme, lactoferrin, anionic antimicrobial peptide, IgA and IgG antibodies, human defensins, and vitamin D are
Antimicrobial substances found in URT preventing microbes from reaching LRT
91
Malnutrition, smoking, viral infections, and treatment with immuno-supressing drugs most often predispose one to
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections
92
MDR-TB
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
93
Merthiolate-killed B. pertussis cells found in
Diphteria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine
94
Metachromatic granules appear blue when those bacterial cells are stained with methylene blue
Corynebacterium diphtheria
95
Microbicidal substances present in the nasal fluid in the anterior region of the nasal mucosa is a kind of
Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose
96
Narrowing of the airways (especially the larynx) causing the person to exhibit stridor, a high pitched wheezing sound when breathing in or out, occurs in person having
Epiglottitis
97
Nonmotile, gram-negative, rod, prominent capsule
Klebsiella pneumonia characteristics (motile or not, gram, shape, encapsulated or not)
98
Nosocomial infection whose agent is commonly isolated from patients who have been hospitalized for more than a week or whose breathing is assisted with mechanical ventilation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
99
Not the result of a re-infection, but rather stems from a persistent biofilm that has colonized the middle ear tissue.
Chronic otitis media(COM)
100
Occurs after primary atypical pneumonia; a condition where blood invasion does not occur and the disease is rarely fatal.
Walking pneumonia
101
Occurs most often during winter and can be caused by a bacterial species following a URT viral infection
Infectious bronchitis
102
One of the most common causes of hospital-acquired pneumonia results from an infection by
Staphylococcus aureus
103
Opportunistic species that are part of the normal microbiota and cause serious illenesses in immunocompromised individuals; they are present in anterior nares, nasopharynx and oropharynx:
HSSN: Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Neisseria
104
Pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes
Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)
105
Posterior two-thirds of the nasal mucosa involving mucociliary clearance to propel entrapped particles into the pharynx is a kind of
Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose
106
Prevalent in livestock, in areas where animals are raised, housed, or transported, and in improperly pasteurized milk
Coxiella burnetii
107
Primary TB infection that develops into the disease stage
Primary active TB disease
108
Produces exotoxins that paralyze the ciliated cells and impair mucus movement, potentially causing pneumonia
Bordetella Pertussis
109
Rapid-fire staccato coughs all in one exhalation, followed by a forced inhalation over a partially closed glottis (whoop)
Paroxysms
110
Rare inflammatory response to specific types of M proteins where Ag-Ab complexes accumulate in the glomerulus in the kidney; a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis
Acute glomerulonephritis
111
Reactivation of TB bacilli in the latent TB infection that develops into the disease stage
Secondary active TB disease
112
Region covered by alveolar fluid
LRT
113
Respiratory and other body tissues are literally consumed in this condition, giving it an alternate name of "consumption"
Tuberculosis
114
Responsible for Legionnaires' disease
Legionella pneumophila
115
Results in boils that may develop into a more spreading infection under the skin(cellulitis) at the tips of the nose, or even cavernous sinus thrombosis
S.aureus infection.
116
Scattered patches of infection in the respiratory passageways
Bronchopneumonia
117
Second stage of pertusiss marked by disintegrating cells, mucus accumulation in the airways, and labored breathing
Paroxysmal
118
Serious condition that occurs when a localized infection develops into a blood infection that then invades the meninges
Acute bacterial meningitis
119
Shorterm infections of the middle ear are called
Acute otitis media
120
Sinusitis that has been ongoing for more than 8 to 12 weeks with more subtle symptoms and less pain
Chronic sinusitis
121
Small particles and suspended bacteria trapped in the mucus covering the nasal mucosa is a kind of
Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose
122
Small, aerobic, gram-negative rod
Bordetella pertussis characteristics(size,O2, Gram,shape)
123
Small, aerobic, nonmotile,non due to presence of a waxy cell wall, rod
Mycobacterium tuberculosis characteristics(size,O2,motile or not, Gram,shape)
124
Small, encapsulated, aerobic, gram-negative diplococcus whose capsule contains 14 serogroups, with B the major cause of mortality
Neisseria meningitidis characteristics (size, encapsulated or not,O2, Gram,shape)
125
Small, nonmotile,encapsulated, gram-negative rod
Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) characteristics(size,motile or not, encapsulated or not, Gram,shape)
126
Sore throat which is not a disease by itself but a nonspecific inflammatory response to toxins or pathogens:
Pharyngitis
127
Stage of TB where a person has a pulmonary infection and bacterial cells enter the alveoli
Primary TB infection
128
Symptoms of that disease include hearing impairment leading to serious long-term effects on language and educational progress
Chronic otitis media(COM)
129
TB patients with HIV test negative for the tuberculin skin test because
Without T-lymphocytes, they cannot produce the red welt signaling exposure.
130
TB vaccine using an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis
Bacille Calmette-Guerin
131
Term that means that parasites only grow inside host cells
Obligate, intracellular parasites
132
Test results for latent TB infection
Positive tuberculin reaction, positive or negative chest X ray and negative sputum test
133
Test results for primary active TB disease and secondary active TB disease
Positive tuberculin reaction, positive chest X ray and positive sputum test
134
Test results for primary TB infection
Positive tuberculin reaction, negative chest X ray and negative sputum test
135
Tetramune vaccine
DTaP and Hib
136
The four groups of sinuses are:
FEMS: Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid.
137
The involvement of an entire lobe of the lung in pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
138
The involvement of both left and right lungs in pneumonia
Double pneumonia
139
Thickened pseudomembrane resulting in respiratory blockage causing suffocation, arrythmia, and coma are all complications of
Diphtheria
140
This condition is characterized by a build up of fluid in the alveoli
Pneumonia
141
Treatment aimed at improving sinus drainage by using nasal sprays and curing infection by using antibiotics
Acute and chronic sinusitis
142
Treatment requires antibiotics to eradicate the pathogen and antitoxins to neutralize the exotoxins
Diphtheria
143
Upper respiratory tract (URT) is composed of:
Nose, sinus cavities, and pharynx
144
XDR-TB
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
145
Zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci
Psittacosis
146
Diphteria exotoxin is encoded by corynebacterium-containing prophage called
Corynephage
147
Inflammation of the sinuses in connection to an inflammation of the nasal passages
Rhinosinusitis
148
Vents the middle ear to the nasopharynx
Eustachian tube
149
Ceruminous glands secrete this in the ear
Cerumen
150
Antibiotic ear drops and oral antibiotics are supplemented; surgery is recommended to clear the obstruction when the infection is controlled
Otitis media
151
Condition where infection through the meninges, brain, and spinal cord can be very rapid
Acute bacterial meningitis
152
Condition whose symptoms include stiff neck, pounding headache, and sensitivity to bright light
Acute bacterial meningitis
153
Organisms causing primary atypical pneumonia
Mucoplasma pneumoniae
154
Strawberry-like inflamed tongue is typical of
Scarlet fever
