Ch.12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Question 1

Fungi protozoa and helminths can

Answer 1

cause infectious disease in human

Question 2

what produces toxins & is not infectious?

Answer 2

Algae

Question 3

what can be vectors of transmission?

Answer 3

Arthropods

Question 4

what are fungi called and what does it mean ?

Answer 4

chemohetertrophs and acquire food by absorption

Question 5

fungi is unicellular or multicellular

Answer 5

multicellular

Question 6

how does fungi reproduce ?

Answer 6

most reproduce with sexual and asexual spores

Question 7

how does algae reproduce?

Answer 7

both sexually & asexually

Question 8

what is algae?

Answer 8

photoautotrophs that produce several different photosynthetic pigments

Question 9

how does algae obtain nutrients?

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

some algae are……

Answer 10

multicellular
forming colonies, filaments, even tissues

Question 11

what are protozoa called?

Answer 11

most are chemoheterotrophic
few are photoautorophic

Question 12

how do protozoa obtain nutrients?

Answer 12

absorption or ingestion

Question 13

describe protozoa

Answer 13

all are unicellular
many are motile

Question 14

what do parasitic protozoans form?

Answer 14

resistant cysts

Question 15

describe what arthropod looks like?

Answer 15

animals with jointed legs

Question 16

arthropod can

Answer 16

transmit disease

through ex: ticks & some insects

Question 17

helminths are

Answer 17

multicellular animals

chemoheterotrophs

Question 18

how does helminths obtain nutrients?

Answer 18

ingestion through a mouth

some are absorptive

Question 19

what are the feature of fungi?

Answer 19

chemohetertrophic

decompose organic matter

plants depend on symbiotic fins (mycorrhizae)

food source and drug source

Question 20

compared to bacteria, fungi:

Answer 20

grow in a acidic environments

more resistant to osmotic pressure

can grow in low moisture content

Question 21

saprophytes describe

Answer 21

those that decompose organic matter

Question 22

what is the metabolism of fungi?

Answer 22

aerobic (uses oxygen)

facultative aerobes(uses and doesn’t use oxygen)

Question 23

molds are

Answer 23

more filamentous
aerobic

Question 24

the body(thallus) posses

Answer 24

cells in filaments

Question 25

hyphae can be

Answer 25

separate or coenocytic(together)

Question 26

what does the negative hyphae do?

Answer 26

nutrient uptake, metabolism, & growth on and in surface

Question 27

what is aerial hyphae?(above)

Answer 27

where spores are formed

Question 28

describes yeasts

Answer 28

non-filamentous, unicellular fungi

Question 29

what are the types of yeasts?

Answer 29

budding yeasts & fission yeasts

Question 30

what describes yeasts metabolism?

Answer 30

facultative aerobes

Question 31

dimorphic fungi form

Answer 31

two forms of growth

Question 32

dimorphic fungi grow as

Answer 32

mold or yeast temperature dependent

Question 33

dimorphic fungi feature

Answer 33

of many pathogenic fungi

Question 34

25 C grows

Answer 34

mold like

Question 35

37 C grows

Answer 35

yeast like

Question 36

cutaneous

Answer 36

on skin dermophyte :inhabit hair skin, nails

Question 37

subcutaneous

Answer 37

under skin

Question 38

systemic

Answer 38

when the infection spreads to other parts of the body

Question 39

mycoses is

Answer 39

fungal diseases

Question 40

what are lichens?

Answer 40

are fungi but have mutualistic relationship with algae or cyanobacteria

Question 41

describe the growth lichens?

Answer 41

lichen's thallus (body ) grows as fungal hyphae grow around algal cells(forms the medulla)

Question 42

what are rhizines?

Answer 42

hyphal projections below the body; anchors the lichen

Question 43

what is the cortex?

Answer 43

protective covering of hyphae

Question 44

fungus receives

Answer 44

carbohydrates from alga; algae receives attachment add protection

Question 45

lichens are found

Answer 45

newly exposed rocks, soil trees concrete structure rooftop

Question 46

what are algae?

Answer 46

eukaryotic photoautrophs lacking plant tissue

Question 47

how does algae reproduce?

Answer 47

asexually / sexually

Question 48

algae is multi or uni

Answer 48

multicellular

Question 49

what is eutrophication?

Answer 49

removal of oxygen from water begun by addition of organic matter

Question 50

what is eutrophication triggered by?

Answer 50

run off of excess nutrients into bodies of water

Question 51

what is the process of eutrophication?

Answer 51

1)Excessive, dense growth of algae(“blooms”) result from influx of nitrogen, phosphorous 2) The dense algal growth cannot be sustained and dies; serves as organic matter for heterotrophic bacteria 3) Heterotrophs use oxygen as they consume the mass of dead algae; removing it from the water depletion of O2->fish die

Question 52

what are protozoans?

Answer 52

unicellular eukaryotes mostly aerobic heterotrophs some aerobic types few are photosynthetic

Question 53

what are the characteristics of protozoa motility wise:

Answer 53

flagella/flagellum cilia undulating membrane pseudopods

Question 54

what are the characteristics of protozoa nutrition wise:

Answer 54

digestion in vacuoles ciliates: intake of food via cytosome amoeba: pseudopodia

Question 55

apicomplexan is what

Answer 55

protozoan group processing complex life cycles

Question 56

what are helminths?

Answer 56

multicellular eukaryotic animals

Question 57

Helminths are specialized.....

Answer 57

to live in hosts

Question 58

helminths lack

Answer 58

digestive system

Question 59

helminths have reduced

Answer 59

nervous system reduced or lacking locomotion(movement is limited)

Question 60

what does a platyhelminths->tematodes(flukes) look like ?

Answer 60

flat leaf-shaped ventral and oral sucker

Question 61

how do trematodes absorb food?

Answer 61

through cuticle covering

Question 62

what are trematodes in the life cycle?

Answer 62

vertebrate & mollusk hosts

Question 63

what are platyhelminths -> cestodes (tapeworms)?

Answer 63

intestinal parasites

Question 64

what is the scolex of a tapeworm?

Answer 64

head that has suckers for attachment

Question 65

how do tapeworms absorb food?

Answer 65

through cuticle

Question 66

what are the proglottids of the tapeworm?

Answer 66

body segments contain female & male reproductive organs

Question 67

what are the platyhelminth pathogens?

Answer 67

schistosomiasis ( blood fluke, schistosoma) lung fluke (paragonimu spp): contaminated shellfish Tapeworm (taenia spp) eggs are generally ingested through food, water, or soil contaminated with human or animal (host) feces

Question 68

what is a describes a cylindrical with a complete digestive system?

Answer 68

roundworms

Question 69

what are free-living and parasitic?

Answer 69

roundworms

Question 70

what do male roundworms contain?

Answer 70

spicules

Question 71

nematode pathogens: Eggs Infective

Answer 71

Ascaris Pinworm(Enterbius) Whipworm(trichuris) found in the intestines of human hosts

Question 72

nematode pathogens: Larva Infective

Answer 72

hookworm(Necator)-intestial parasite Trichenollis- undercooked meat of an infected animal heartworm(dirofilaria)

Question 73

what produces symbiotic relationships between a fungus and an algae?

Answer 73

Lichen