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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch13 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch13 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

albumin

A

major protein in blood;
maintains proper amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigen.
An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.

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3
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue (with basic dye) associated with release of histamine and heparin

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile;
formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.

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6
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells.

Examples are granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin

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8
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as a it matures; specialization

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

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10
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain red;
associated with allergic reactions

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11
Q

erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell

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12
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell.

There are approx. 5 million per microliter or cubic millimetre of blood.

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13
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys;

stimulates red blood cell formation

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14
Q

fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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15
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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16
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein;

alpha, beeta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

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17
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules:
eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

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18
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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19
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron;
carries oxygen in the red blood cells

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20
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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21
Q

immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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22
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein (a globulin) with antibody activity;

examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

immun/o means protection

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23
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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24
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

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25
macrophage
monocyte that migrates from the blood to the tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria and other harmful organisms.
26
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
27
monocyte
leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissue.
28
mononuclear
pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes
29
myeloblast
immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes
30
neutrophil
granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocytes
31
plasma
liquid portion of blood; contains water, protein, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins
32
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood. Collected cells are retranfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.
33
platelet
small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
34
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil
35
prothrombin
plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
36
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte. A network (reticulum) of strands is seen after staining the cell with special days
37
Rh factor
antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals.
38
serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors.
39
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.
40
thrombin
Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.
41
thrombocyte
platelet
42
Ab
Antibody
43
ABMT
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant
44
ABO
four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O
45
ALL
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
46
AML
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
47
ANC
Absolutee Neutrophil Count
48
ASCT
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
49
bands
immature white blood cells (granulocytes)
50
baso
basophils
51
BMT
Bone Marrow Transplantation
52
CBC
Complete Blood Count
53
CLL
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
54
CML
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
55
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - bleeding disorder marked by reduction in blood clotting factors
56
diff
differential count (white blood cells)
57
EBV
Epstein-Barr Virus; cause of mononucleosis
58
eos
eosinophils
59
EPO
Erythropoientin
60
ESR
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
61
Fe
Iron
62
G-CSF
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor - promotes neutrophil porduction
63
GM-CSF
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - promotes myeloid progenitor cells with differentiation to granulocytes
64
g/dL
gram per deciliter (1 deciliter = 1/10 of a liter or just over 3 ounces)
65
GVHD
Graft-Versus-Host Disease - immune reaction of donnor's cells to recipient's tissue
66
HCL
Hairy Cell Leukemia - abnormal lymphocytes accumulate in bone marrow, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and infection
67
Hct
Hematocrit
68
Hgb, HGB
Hemoglobin
69
H and H
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
70
HLA
Human Leukocyte Antigen
71
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
Immunoglobulins
72
INR
International Normalized Ratio
73
ITP
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
74
lymphs
lymphocytes
75
MCH
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin - average amount of hemoglobin per cell
76
MCHC
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration - average concentration of hemoglobin in a single red cell
77
MCV
Mean Corpuscular Volume - average volume or size of a single red blood cell
78
μL
microliter
79
MDS
Myelodysplastic Syndrome - preleukemic condition
80
mm³
cubic millimeter
81
mono
monocyte
82
polys, PMNs, PMNLs
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
83
PT, pro time
Prothrombin Time
84
PTT
Partial Thromboplastin Time
85
RBC
Red Blood Cell count
86
sed rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
87
segs
segmented, mature white blood cells (neutrophils)
88
SMAC
Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer - an automated chemistry system that determines substances in serum
89
WBC
White Blood Cell count
90
WNL
Within Normal Limits

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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