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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch14 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch14 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

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1
Q

adaptive immunity

A

the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them

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2
Q

adenoids

A

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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3
Q

antibody

A

protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

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4
Q

antigen

A

substance that the body recognizes as foreign;
evokes an immune response.

Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found no the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells.

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5
Q

axillary nodes

A

lymph nodes in the armpit

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6
Q

B cell (B lymphocyte)

A

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

B refers to bone marrow where most B cells originate

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7
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them;

a type of adaptive tissue

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8
Q

cervical nodes

A

lymph nodes in the neck region

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9
Q

complement system

A

set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

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10
Q

cytokines

A

proteins secreted by the cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction

Ex. interferons and interleukins

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11
Q

cytotoxic T cell

A

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens;
called (CD8+) T cell

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12
Q

dendtitic cell

A

antigen-presenting cell.
Shows T and B cells what to attack

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13
Q

helper T cell

A

lymphocyte that aids in B cells and stimulates T cells;
(CD4+) T cell.

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14
Q

humoral immunity

A

B cell produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens;
type of adaptive immunity

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15
Q

immunity

A

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs.
This includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity.

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16
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD;

secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen

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17
Q

immunotherapy

A

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease

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18
Q

inguinal nodes

A

lymph nodes in the groin region

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19
Q

interferons

A

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

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20
Q

interleukins

A

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

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21
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid in the spaces between cells.
This fluid becomes lymph when it enters the lymph capillaries

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22
Q

lymph

A

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body.

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23
Q

lymph capillaries

A

tiniest lymphatic vessels

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24
Q

lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.
More examples are tonsils and adenoids

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25
lymph node
collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
26
lymph vessel
carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of chest
27
macrophage
large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
28
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity
29
mesenteric nodes
lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)
30
monoclonal antibody
antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy
31
natural immunity
protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. Not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.
32
paraaortic nodes
lymph nodes near he aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body
33
plasma cell
lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes.
34
right lymphatic duct
lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties lymph into a large vein in the neck.
35
spleen
organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes and stores blood
36
suppressor T cell
lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells.
37
T cell (T lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.
38
tolerance
ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body's own cell.
39
thoracic duct
large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body. It empties lymph into large veins in the neck.
40
thymus gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that condition T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response.
41
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
42
toxin
poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
43
vaccination
exposure of an individual to foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.
44
vaccine
weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies. This results in adaptive immunity.
45
allergen
substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction; a type of antigen
46
anaphylaxis
exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
47
atopy
hypersensitivity or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
48
CD4+ cells
helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells
49
Hodgkin Lymphoma
malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes
50
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS.
51
Kaposi sarcoma
malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple. brown or black skin nodules. Kaposi sarcoma is caused by a herpesvirus called human herpesvirus 8.
52
non-Hodgkin
group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue
53
opportunistic infections
infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained
54
protease inhibitor
drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new eviral pieces of HIV. Other anti-retroviral drugs are entry inhibitors and integrase inhibitors
55
reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)
drugs that treat AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV
56
wasting syndrome
weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS
57
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
58
CAR T-cells
Chimeric Antigen Receptors; activated in laboratory to fight cancer cells
59
CD4+ cell
helper T cell
60
CD8+ cell
Cytotoxic T cell
61
CMV
Cytomegalovirus - causes opportunistic AIDS-related infection
62
Crypto
Cryptococcus - causes opportunistic AIDS-related infection
63
ELISA
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - test to detect anti-HIV antibodies
64
G-CSF
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor - cytokine that promotes neutrophil production
65
GM-CSF
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - cytokine secreted by macrophages to promote growth of myeloid progenitor cells and their differentiation to granulocytes
66
HAART
Highly Active Antiretrovirla Therapy - use of combinations of drugs that are effective against AIDS
67
Histo
Histoplasmosis - fungal infection seen in AIDS patients
68
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus - causes AIDS
69
HSV
Herpes Simplex Virsus
70
IEC
Immunoeffector Cells - cells activated to defend the body in an immune response
71
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
immunoglobulins
72
IL1 to IL38
Interleukins
73
KS
Kaposi Sarcoma
74
KSHV
Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus; herpesvirus 8
75
MAI
Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare complex - group of pathogens that cause lung and systemic disease in immunocompromised patients
76
MoAb
Monoclonal Antibody
77
NHL
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
78
PCP
Pneumocystis pneumonia - opportunistic AIDS-related infection
79
PI
Protease Inhibitor
80
RTI
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
81
SCID
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
82
Treg
regulatory T cell (suppressor T cell)
83
Toxo
Toxoplasmosis - parasitic infection associated with AIDS

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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