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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch21 Vocab. > Flashcards

Ch21 Vocab. Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

addiction

A

physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug.

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2
Q

additive action

A

drug addiction in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

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3
Q

aerosol

A

particles of drug suspended in air and inhaled

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4
Q

anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to previously encountered drug or foreign protein

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5
Q

antagonistic action

A

combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action).

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6
Q

antidote

A

agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug

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7
Q

brand name

A

commercial name for a drug;

trademark or trade name

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8
Q

chemical name

A

chemical formula for a drug

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9
Q

contraindications

A

factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

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10
Q

controlled substances

A

drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have a potential for abuse or addiction

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11
Q

dependence

A

physiologic need for a drug with prolonged use

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12
Q

dose

A

amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams

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13
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacturer and clinical use

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14
Q

generic name

A

legal noncommercial name for a drug

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15
Q

iatrogenic

A

condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians oor medical personnel

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16
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people

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17
Q

inhalation

A

administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth

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18
Q

medicinal chemistry

A

study of new drug synthesis;

relationship between chemical structure and biological effects

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19
Q

molecular pharmacology

A

study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors

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20
Q

oral administration

A

drugs are given by mouth

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21
Q

parenteral administration

A

drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract)

Examples are subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections and instillations

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22
Q

pharmacist

A

specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

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23
Q

pharmacy

A

location for preparing and dispensing drugs;

also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs

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24
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of drug effects within the body

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25
pharmacokinetics
study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time
26
pharmacologist
specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs
27
pharmacology
study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs
28
Physicians' Desk Reference
reference book that lists drug products; PDR
29
receptor
target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
30
rectal administration
drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum
31
resistance
lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process
32
response
desired and beneficial effect of a drug
33
schedule
exact timing and frequency of drug administration
34
side effect
adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug
35
sublingual administration
drugs are given by placement under the tongue
36
synergism
combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone
37
syringe
instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body
38
tolerance
larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment progresses
39
topical application
drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions are applied topically
40
toxicity
harmful effects of a drug
41
toxicology
study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body
42
transport
movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells
43
United States Pharmacopeia
authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing; USP
44
vitamin
substances found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health
45
ACE inhibitor
lowers blood pressure by dilating blood vessels. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block and conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a powerful vasoconstrictor)
46
amphetamine
central nervous system stimulant
47
analgesic
relieves pain
48
androgen
male hormone
49
anesthetic
reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local
50
angiotensin II receptor blocker
lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels
51
antacid
neutralizes acid in the stomach
52
antiandrogen
blocks the formation of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues
53
antiarrhythmic
treats abnormal heart rhythms
54
antibiotic
chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body
55
anticoagulant
prevents blood clotting
56
anticonvulsant
prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity)
57
antidepressant
relieves symptoms of depression
58
antidiabetic
drugs given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus
59
antidiarrheal
prevents diarrhea
60
antiemetic
prevents nausea and vomiting
61
antihistamine
blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy
62
antimicrobial
agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth
63
antinauseant
relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic
64
antiplatelet
reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and from a clot
65
antiulcer
inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach
66
antiviral
acts against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV
67
aromatase inhibitor
reduces estrogen in the body by blocking the enzyme aromatase
68
beta blocker
blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive.
69
bisphosphonate
prevents bone loss in osteoporosis
70
caffeine
central nervous system stimulant (found in coffee and tea)
71
calcium channel blocker
blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive; Also called calcium antagonist
72
cardiac glycoside
drugs that treat heart failure by increasing the force of contraction of the heart
73
cardiovascular drug
acts on the heart and blood vessels. This category of drug includes ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol-lowiring drugs or statins, and diuretics
74
cathartic
relieves constipation
75
cholesterol-binding drug
lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver; statin
76
diuretic
increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive
77
emetic
promotes vomiting
78
endocrine drug
hormone or hormone-like drug examples are androgens, estrogens, progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids
79
estrogen
female hormone that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues
80
gastrointestinal drug
relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract examples are antacids, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, cathartics, laxatives, purgatives, and antinauseants (antiemetics)
81
glucocorticoid
hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation
82
hypnotic
produces sleep or a trance-like state
83
laxative
weak cathartic
84
narcotic
habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; examples are morphine and opium
85
progestin
female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy
86
purgative
relieves constipation; strong cathartic
87
respiratory drug
treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system examples are bronchodilators
88
sedative
mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep examples are benzodiazepines
89
stimulant
excites and promotes activity Examples are caffeine and amphetamines
90
thyroid horrmone
stimulates cellular metabolism
91
tranquilizer
controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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