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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch18 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch18 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

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1
Q

adrenal cortrex

A

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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3
Q

ovaries

A

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion.

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4
Q

pancreas

A

located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas.
Also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct, into the small intestine to aid digestion.

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland.
Some have 3 or 5.

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6
Q

pituitary gland
(hypophysis)

A

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

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7
Q

testes

A

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion.

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, thiiodothyronine, and calcitonin.

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9
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla;
increases heart rate and blood pressure.

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10
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called adrenocorticotropin.
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

aldosterone

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex;
increases salt (sodium) reabsorption

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12
Q

antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

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13
Q

calcitonin

A

secreted by the thyroid gland;
decreases blood calcium levels

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14
Q

cortisol

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex;
increases blood sugar.

secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

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15
Q

epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

secreted by adrenal medulla;
increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic).
It is part of the body’s “fight or flight” reaction.

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16
Q

estradiol

A

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

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17
Q

estrogen

A

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex.
Examples are estradiol and estrone.

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18
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes.

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19
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by alpha islet cells in the pancreas;

increase blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.

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20
Q

growth hormone (GH):
somatotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland;

stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

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21
Q

insulin

A

secreted by the beta islet cells of the pancreas.
insulin helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells and promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

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22
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland;

stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

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23
Q

norepinephrine

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla;

increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic).
also called noradrenaline

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24
Q

oxytocin (OT)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland;
stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

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25
parathormone (PTH)
secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium
26
progesterone
secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy
27
prolactin (PRL)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion
28
somatotropin
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone
29
testosterone
male hormone secreted by the testes
30
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote it's functioning. HINT: TSH is not secreted by the thyroid gland
31
thyroxine (T4)
secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells.
32
triiodothyronine
secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells.
33
vasopressin
secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) vasopressin increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure
34
catecholamines
hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine.
35
corticosteroids
hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raraises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)
36
electrolyte
mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; (potassium, sodium, and calcium)
37
glucocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response
38
homeostasis
tendency of an organism to maintain to maintain a constant internal environment
39
hormone
chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to organs and gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.
40
hypothalamus
region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
41
mineralocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example
42
receptor
cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
43
sella turcica
cavity at the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland
44
sex hormones
steroids (androgens and estrogen) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics
45
steroid
complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made.
46
sympathomimetic
pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways)
47
target tissue
cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
48
A1C
blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) to assess glucose control
49
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
50
ADH
Antidiuretic Hormone - Vasopressin
51
Ca++
Calcium an important electrolyte
52
CGMS
Continuous Glucose Monitoring System - senses and records blood glucose levels continuously
53
DI
Diabetes Insipidus
54
DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
55
DM
Diabetic Mellitus
56
FBG
Fasting Blood Glucose
57
FSH
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
58
GH
Growth Hormone
59
HbA1C (test)
test for presence of glucose attached to hemoglobin (glycosylated hemoglobin) - a high level indicates poor glucose control in diabetic patients; also called A1C
60
hCG or HCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
61
IGF
Insulin-like Growth Factor
62
K+
potassium - an important electorlyte
63
LH
Luteinizing Hormone
64
MDI
Multiple Daily Injection - for delivery of either basal or bolus insulin; a diabetes management regimen
65
Na+
Sodium - an important electrolyte
66
OT, OXT
Oxytocin
67
PRL
Prolactin
68
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone (parathormone)
69
RAI
Radioactive Iodine - treatment for Graves disease
70
RIA
Radioimmunoassay - measure hormone levels in plasma
71
RAIU
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (imaging test or scan0
72
SIADH
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (secretion)
73
SMBG
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
74
T1D
Type 1 Diabetes
75
T2D
Type 2 Diabetes
76
T3
Triiodothyronine
77
T4
Thyroxine - Tetraiodothyronine
78
TFT
Thyroid Function Test
79
TSH
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone - secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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