Ch.17

Question 1

Wildland fires are most often started by ________

Answer 1

lightning

Question 2

Debris from______ or ______ may influence the fire size and its speed and intensity.

Answer 2

• construction

- left behind from previous weather events

Question 3

Wildland fires are affected by the _______ and _______

Answer 3

• rate of fire spread

- fire intensity

Question 4

This is dynamic and complex:

Answer 4

rate of fire spread

Question 5

Fire spread is affected by:

Answer 5

• type of fuel burning
• slope or aspect at which fire is burning
• weather conditions

Question 6

_______ describes how hot a fire is burning.

Answer 6

Fire Intensity

Question 7

Clear away dead leaves, twigs, limbs around structure, including decks and porches for a radius or _______

Answer 7

30 - 50 feet

Question 8

Remove Tree limbs within ____ ft of ground

Answer 8

15 ft

Question 9

Remove vegetation that is within ____ ft of a chimney or stovepipe.

Answer 9

15 ft

Question 10

Clear a ___ foot area around liquid propane (LP) Tanks

Answer 10

10 ft

Question 11

Stack firewood ___ ft away from structure

Answer 11

100 ft

Question 12

There are 3 basic types of wild land fire that can occur and the level vegetation determines the type of wild land fire.

Answer 12

• Forest Fire
• Brush Fire
• Groundcover Fire

Question 13

Occurs in areas containing heavy fuels and higher levels of vegetation, such as timber:

Answer 13

Forest Fire

Question 14

Occurs primarily in mid-level vegetation:

Answer 14

Brush Fire

Question 15

Type of wild land fire that involves low-level vegetation, grasses, and other light fuels:

Answer 15

Groundcover fire

Question 16

Forest Fires often originate in remote, heavily wooded areas that are only accessible by _____ or ______

Answer 16

Foot or aircraft

Question 17

______ produce much more heat than the other types of fires.

Answer 17

Forest fires

Question 18

Assessing the weather should include:

Answer 18

• wind speed and direction’
• probable and expected changes in speed or direction
• Air temperature
• Humidity
• Approaching weather fronts or conditions

Question 19

In high-level vegetation fire, a fire can work up to and rapidly across treetops, this is called:

Answer 19

Crown fire

*Can reverse and burn over top of previously burned area

Question 20

Fire will defy gravity and quickly spread ________

Answer 20

up vertical slopes

Question 21

Burning material that is picked up by the wind and dropped in another area, starting a separate fire:

Answer 21

Brands

Question 22

_______ is another high-level vegetation fire hazard.

Answer 22

Timber

Question 23

Trees that have fallen but are hung up in other trees-not fallen down to grade-are called:

Answer 23

Snags

Question 24

Large forrest fires can potentially cover ________

Answer 24

several hundred to several thousand acres

Question 25

These types fires do not involve heavily wooded areas, and it is possible to access fire using brush trucks:

Answer 25

Brush Fires

Question 26

Mid-level vegetation fires grow and travel faster than Forrest fires, but they do not __________

Answer 26

generate high temperatures | *occur closer to wild land suburban area than forrest fire

Question 27

The primary hazard of brush fires is the ________

Answer 27

weather

Question 28

________ are the fastest growing and moving type of wild land fire, but they produce the least amount of heat.

Answer 28

Groundcover fires

Question 29

Usually only span a few hundred square feet to several acres:

Answer 29

Groundcover fires

Question 30

Most often ground cover fires occur in _______ and _________

Answer 30

- farmlands | - urban/suburban areas

Question 31

The decision as to who will do the evacuating is often dictated by ____________

Answer 31

the fire

Question 32

One major benefit of providing shelter is that:

Answer 32

it makes accountability of the evacuees possible | *schools are often shelters

Question 33

The most important issue regarding an evacuation is ______________

Answer 33

When to order it

Question 34

CAF's help by:

Answer 34

- help water penetrate combustible materials - Coat burning material - Protect exposures from fire

Question 35

Ways to confine wildfire:

Answer 35

- surround with personnel who have constructed firelines - FF stand around perimeter ready as fire approaches - Fireline utilizing dozers - firefighting aircraft - Directing to natural boundary (river or lake) - Directing to artificial boundary (street or highway) - Extinguishing Burning materials - Backfiring

Question 36

Fire fighters can easily remove the fuel component by:

Answer 36

- hand digging - plowing - back-burning

Question 37

By ______ or ______ to remove the fuel, you can reduce the preheating of surrounding vegetation

Answer 37

plowing or digging

Question 38

_________ is usually the safest method of extinguishment at a wildfire.

Answer 38

Attacking fire from the burned area and working outward

Question 39

Wild land fire extinguishment operations should begin by working up the _______ from within the burned area, and then working toward the _______

Answer 39

- flanks | - head

Question 40

The ______ of a wildfire is the fastest-growing and moving part of the fire.

Answer 40

Head

Question 41

One way to make the best use of available water is to _________________

Answer 41

- lower the gallonage-per-minute (GPM) flow of the nozzle | - If automatic nozzle, lower PSI

Question 42

Overhaul is often termed as __________

Answer 42

mop up

Question 43

When water is available and accessible the entire perimeter of the fire area should be overhauled. Crews should saturate a perimeter that extends at least ____ ft. beyond the burned areas.

Answer 43

50 ft.

Question 44

Backpacks should not be used to _____________

Answer 44

apply water to unburned areas. Instead used to directly extinguish flames and hotspots

Question 45

Start extinguishment at the ___________, then work toward the head.

Answer 45

the most active flank

Question 46

If fire worsens beyond expected conditions, there must be at least _________ areas for fire fighters to take refuge.

Answer 46

At least 1, PREFERABLY 2

Question 47

Where is considered the safety zone of structure during wild fire?

Answer 47

Leeward side and the interior

Question 48

If working along a ridge, position apparatus on the side:

Answer 48

opposite and below the fire | *avoid placing rig between approaching fire and structure

Question 49

A fire advancing toward a structure from ___________ is much easier to defend, because it tends to progress more slowly.

Answer 49

above and downward

Question 50

A fire advancing from ______________ travels much faster and has a greater flame length.

Answer 50

Below and spreading up a slope

Question 51

Structures that have good clearance or green space around them, at least _______, may still be suspect because of flame length.

Answer 51

at least 30 ft

Question 52

A structure may not be defendable if it is ________ from the edge of the clear space.

Answer 52

Less than twice the flame length

Question 53

The sun increases the ground cover's temperature the most in the ________, so fuels are closest to their ignition temperature at this time.

Answer 53

Afternoon

Question 54

A __________ can help by educating home and building owners on the steps they can take to lessen the threat of wild land fires to their properties.

Answer 54

strong prevention/public information cmpaign

Question 55

There are ____ firefighting orders that can positively impact the fire fighters safety at wild land fires

Answer 55

10

Question 56

An area where undeveloped land with vegetative fuels mixes with human-made structures:

Answer 56

Wildland-urban interface